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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is rising globally. However, clinically effective antiviral treatments are not established. Favipiravir may prevent pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome aggravation. We describe SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, two of whom were in a critical condition and one of whom was in a severe condition, who were administered favipiravir for their deteriorating conditions and cured.<br /><br /> We investigated possible COVID-19 epidemic clusters and their common sources of exposure that led to a sudden increase in the incidence of COVID-19 in the Jewish community of Marseille between March 15 and March 20, 2020.<br /><br /> All data were generated as part of routine work at Marseille university hospitals. Biological diagnoses were made by RT-PCR testing. A telephone survey of families in which a laboratory confirmed case was diagnosed was conducted to determine possible exposure events.<br /><br /> As of March 30, 2020, 63 patients were linked to 6 epidemic clusters. The 6 clusters were linked to religious and social activities a ski trip, organized meals for the Purim Jewish celebration in community and family settings on March 10, a religious service and a charity gala. Notably, 40% of the patients were infected by index patients during the presymptomatic period, which was 2.5 days before symptom onset. When considering household members, all 12 patients who tested negative and who did not develop any relevant clinical symptoms compatible with COVID-19 were 1-16 years of age. The clinical attack rate (symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and biologically confirmed by PCR) in adults was 85% compared to 26% in children.<br /><br /> Family and community gatherings for the Purim Jewish celebration probably accelerated the spread of COVID-19 in the Marseille Jewish community, leading to multiple epidemic clusters. This investigation of family clusters suggested that all close contacts of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were not infected were children.<br /><br />Family and community gatherings for the Purim Jewish celebration probably accelerated the spread of COVID-19 in the Marseille Jewish community, leading to multiple epidemic clusters. This investigation of family clusters suggested that all close contacts of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were not infected were children.<br /><br /> Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) and infectious osteomyelitis of the jaw (OMJ) in antiresorptive-naïve patients are different disease entities. Although osteoclast inhibition is at the center of the pathogenesis of ARONJ, the role of osteoclast inhibition in infectious OMJ is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of bisphosphonate osteoclast inhibition in infectious OMJ.<br /><br /> Osteomyelitis was induced in mice by S. aureus inoculation. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD2281(Olaparib).html buy Olaparib] The establishment of OMJ was verified by the culture of bone marrow samples obtained from the mandible. Infected animals received either zoledronic acid (ZA) or saline starting at week-2. Treated animals along with non-infected animals underwent tooth extractions at week-4 post-infection. Healing was assessed every week using in vivo micro-computed tomography and intraoral photos. Animals were euthanized at week-8 and cervical lymph nodes were assessed for lymphatic and blood vessels.<br /><br /> Tooth extraction wounds did not heal iitis. Clearly, antiresorptive therapy is contraindicated in patients with ARONJ. However, our finding suggests that osteoclast inhibition is potentially an effectual remedy for infectious OMJ in antiresorptive-naïve patients.Tendons transmit power from muscles to bones, and ligaments maintain the stability of joints, thus producing smooth and flexible movements of articular joints. However, tendons have poor self-healing ability upon damage due to injuries, diseases, or aging. To maintain homeostasis or promote regeneration of the tendon/ligament, it is critical to understand the mechanism responsible for the coordination of tendon/ligament-specific gene expression and subsequent cell differentiation. In this review, we have discussed the core molecular mechanisms involved in the development and homeostasis of tendons and ligaments, with particular focus on transcription factors, signaling, and mechanical stress.Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used to accelerate bone fracture healing. However, the issue whether LIPUS is effective in preventing osteoporosis has not been clarified, and if so, what possible mechanisms might be responsible. Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth, and its absence will trigger a positive response to bone. In this study, we examined the effects of LIPUS on bone micro-structure, mechanical properties and damage healing of hindlimb-suspended rats, and investigated whether the inhibition of MSTN plays a role in this process. The rats were randomly divided into four groups Normal control group (NC), Hind limb suspension group (HLS), Hind limb suspension and 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (HLS+ 80 mW/cm2), Hind limb suspension and 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (HLS+ 30 mW/cm2). The HLS+ 80 mW/cm2 rats were treated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 80 mW/cm2) and the HLS+ 30 mW/cm2 rats were treated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 30 mW/cm2) on the femur for 20 min/day for 28 days. MC3T3-E1 cells were respectively cultured with the serum of wild type mouse and MSTN knockout mouse at 1% concentration for 7 days. After 28 days, LIPUS effectively prevented the destruction of bone microstructure and the decline of mechanical properties, and promoted bone defect healing in the tail-suspended rats. In addition, LIPUS effectively reduced the MSTN content in the quadriceps and serum of the tail-suspended rats, inhibited its receptor and downstream signaling molecules and activated the Wnt signaling pathway in femurs. Growth of MC-3T3-E1 cell cultured with the serum of MSTN knockout mice was superior to that with wild mice serum on day 7. These results indicate that MSTN is a key mediator in LIPUS preventing bone loss caused by hindlimb-suspension.<br /><br /> Pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) (PHEO and PGL PPGLs), catecholamine-producing tumors, represent an emerging cause of secondary osteoporosis. However, despite decreased bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral fracture (VF) is not associated with BMD in PPGLs.<br /><br /> To evaluate whether deteriorated bone quality is involved in the development of osteoporosis in PPGLs.<br /><br /> Trabecular bone score (TBS), used to assess trabecular bone quality, was examined in 56 patients with PPGLs and 52 with non-functional adrenal tumors (AT). Radiograph of the spine was carried out in 35 patients with PPGLs, and TBS was analyzed in 18 patients with PPGLs at follow-up.<br /><br /> TBS and BMD at the lumbar spine in patients with PPGLs with and without VF.<br /><br /> PPGLs had a lower TBS (n=56, 1.338 [1.294-1.420]) than non-functional AT (n=52, 1.394 [1.342-1.444]; p=0.033). Among those with PPGLs, patients with VF (n=14, 1.314 [1.289-1.346]) had a lower TBS than those without VF (n=21, 1.383 [1.324-1.426]; p=0.046), despite no significant difference in BMD at the lumbar spine between the two groups (p=0.