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This same pattern was observed in a univariate group × maltreatment interaction for suicide risk (p = .006).Conclusions Health-related masculine values were associated with lower depression and suicide risk in men who have a history of childhood maltreatment. Future intervention studies should investigate whether development of health-related masculine values can reduce depression and suicide risk among men with a history of childhood maltreatment.Background Essentialist theory (ET) links biological attributions for mental illnesses to pessimistic prognostic beliefs and stigma. The commonsense model (CSM) provides a nuanced framework for studying illness beliefs as shaped by experience.Aims ET-informed hypotheses linking causal and prognostic beliefs and stigmatizing attitudes concerning depression were tested using CSM constructs with a focus on the moderating effects of self-reported experience with this disorder.Methods U.S. adults (N =&nbsp;319) completed online questionnaires assessing depression-related beliefs, attitudes and experience. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sf2312.html SF2312 cell line] Multiple regression analysis focused on predictive effects of neurobiological and genetic attributions. Potential mediators (prognosis) and moderators (experience) of the biological attribution-stigma link also were tested.Results Neurobiological attributions predicted viewing depression as more consequential, longer lasting, and unexpectedly, more treatable. Neurobiological attributions were inversely related to stigma, a link partially mediated by beliefs about depression's consequences and duration. However, both biological attributions' relationships to stigma were moderated by experience. Stronger biological attributions predicted less stigma specifically among participants reporting first- or second-hand experience with depression.Conclusion Experience with depression may shape the relationships of specific causal and prognostic beliefs with depression stigma. Psychoeducation in clinical and public health contexts may be informed by further research using CSM constructs.Background Mental illness in people experiencing homelessness is common and a key reason for attendance at emergency departments and admission to hospital.Aims This paper describes how the KHP Pathway homeless team impacted use and cost of health and wider services. The Pathway model had never been adopted by a mental health hospital, and there had never been an economic analysis to evaluate service use before and after intervention.Method Service use was measured using an adapted version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) with a simple before and after design at admission, 3 months and 6 months after discharge from hospital.Results During the first 3-month follow-up, over half the participants saw a GP, with an increase in the proportion seeing a psychiatrist, social worker and a mental health nurse. Attendance at emergency departments was substantially lower than at baseline. The mean total service cost was £818 at base line and £414 at 3 months.Conclusions The adapted version of the CSRI demonstrates that patients seen by the Pathway Homelessness Team were supported to use community and scheduled health and care services. The service overcomes barriers, frequently experienced by people experiencing homelessness, in accessing support and community healthcare in the UK.Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. Lewy bodies, the hallmark of this disease due to an accumulation of α-synuclein, lead to loss of dopamine-regulated motor circuits, concomitantly progressive immobilization and a broad range of nonmotor features. PD patients have more hospitalizations, endure longer recovery time from comorbidities, and exhibit higher mortality than healthy controls. Although often overlooked, secondary osteoporosis has been reported frequently and is associated with a worse prognosis.Areas covered In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of PD from a systemic perspective. We searched on PubMed articles from the last 20&nbsp;years in PD, both clinical features and bone health status. We discuss possible neuro/endocrine mechanisms by which PD impacts the skeleton, review available therapy for osteoporotic fractures and highlight evidence gaps in defining skeletal co-morbid events.Expert opinion Future research is essential to understand the local and systemic effects of dopaminergic signaling on bone remodeling and to determine how pathological α-synuclein deposition in the central nervous system might impact the skeleton. It is hoped that a systematic approach to the pathogenesis of this disease and its treatment will allow the informed use of osteoporotic drugs to prevent fractures in PD patients.Objectives To test the effectiveness of an efficient therapeutic protocol for the total mouth antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by 450&nbsp;nm blue LED associated with curcumin in individuals with AIDS.Methods Patients were selected by exclusion criteria and randomly distributed in groups to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial aPDT with curcumin 0.75 mg/mL associated with the blue LED (67&nbsp;mW/cm2, 20.1&nbsp;J/cm2). Before and after the treatments, samples were collected from the saliva being processed in duplicate in selective culture media. The colonies were counted and the results obtained in log10 CFU/mL were statistically tested (T-paired statistical test, 5%).Results The log10 CFU/mL of Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and total count of microorganisms showed statistically significant (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.023; p =&nbsp;0.001 and p =&nbsp;0.017, respectively) reduction after treatment in patients with aPDT.Conclusion aPDT was effective in reducing Streptococcusspp. in addition to reducing Staphylococcusspp., enterobacteria and the total count of microorganisms when considering the numbers of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes. The aPDT in the studied protocol was able to control clinically important intraoral microorganisms for AIDS patients, both those with TCD4 lymphocytes above or below 25% of normal and those with TCD8 lymphocytes above 25% of normal.Introduction Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of neuronal hyperexcitability that begets recurrent and unprovoked seizures. The lack of a truly satisfactory pharmacotherapy for epilepsy highlights the clinical urgency for the discovery of new drug targets. To that end, targeting the electroneutral K+/Cl- cotransporter KCC2 has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of epilepsy.Areas covered We summarize the roles of KCC2 in the maintenance of synaptic inhibition and the evidence linking KCC2 dysfunction to epileptogenesis. We also discuss preclinical proof-of-principle studies that demonstrate that augmentation of KCC2 function can reduce seizure activity. Moreover, potential strategies to modulate KCC2 activity for therapeutic benefit are highlighted.Expert opinion Although KCC2 is a promising drug target, questions remain before clinical translation. It is unclear whether increasing KCC2 activity can reverse epileptogenesis, the ultimate curative goal for epilepsy therapy that extends beyond seizure reduction.