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This article reviews the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) for the diagnosis, monitoring and treat-to-target management of JIA. Technological advancements in MSUS allow more precise evaluation of arthritis, tenosynovitis and enthesitis versus clinical examination alone, which may assist treatment decisions. In adult studies, serum and synovial biomarkers have correlated with MSUS findings. Within paediatric rheumatology, significant developments in the definition of normal and pathology, a necessity for the future integration of MSUS into treat-to-target management, have already been reached or are underway, which in turn could allow tighter control of disease activity and earlier identification of treatment response and failure, bringing the goal of 'precision medicine' closer. Additionally, the utility of MSUS for the evaluation of subclinical disease remains an unexamined area of interest. 'Ultrasound remission' combined with clinical assessment and immunological markers could therefore potentially improve the treat-to-target management of JIA.Medicaid presents both legislative and regulatory challenges and opportunities. As it moves a legislative agenda forward, the Biden administration also will confront a series of immediate regulatory matters, some of which have been made urgent because of pending judicial action. Chief among these pressing matters are ending Medicaid work requirements and block grant experiments, rescinding the public charge rule, ensuring optimal use of Medicaid's enrollment and renewal simplification tools, rescinding the Title X family planning rule (which has enormous implications for Medicaid beneficiaries), and, when the time comes, preparing states to wind down the "Families First" Medicaid maintenance of effort protection while avoiding erroneous beneficiary disenrollment. The administration could consider encouraging remaining non-expansion states to pursue 1115 Medicaid expansion experiments; in addition, the administration could pursue Medicaid pandemic recovery demonstrations to support health system recovery during the long period that lies ahead. Thus, while certain advances must await legislation, the administration can move Medicaid forward through executive action.The COVID-19 pandemic is just one of two public health crises the new Biden administration will confront. The addiction crisis is the other. The opioid epidemic has already killed more Americans than World Wars I and II combined. And it is but the most visible sign of a broader population health challenge that includes methamphetamine, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and alcohol. This essay presents practical legislative and executive actions required to address these challenges. We focus on two broad policy challenges (1) improving financing and delivery of treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) and (2) reducing population exposure to addictive and lethal substances. Through both of these channels, a portfolio of well-implemented, evidence-informed policies can save many thousands of lives every year.Reflecting on our own work in relation to the papers in this issue on physician organizations we make four observations. First, association-government power relations shift after countries introduce universal health insurance but they are by no means diminished. In France, Germany, and Japan, physicians' economic interests are explicitly considered against broader health system goals, such as providing affordable universal insurance. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), physicians organizations do not share power in the same way. Second, in higher-income countries, fragmentation may occur along specialty or generalist lines, and some physicians are unionized. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gw3965.html GW3965 manufacturer] Generally speaking, physician influence over reimbursement policy is reduced due to organizational fragmentation. Third, associations develop as legitimate voices for physicians but their relationship to other professions differs in higher-income countries. Associations in LMICs form coalitions with other health professionals. Finally, although German state physician associations have a key implementation role, in most countries, state and federal policy roles seem relatively defined. Global comparison of the LMICs and other countries suggests power, unity, legitimacy, and federal roles are tied closely to the stage of health system development.<br /><br /> To determine whether ultrasound (US)-detected synovitis affects the therapeutic efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for treating knee osteoarthritis (OA).<br /><br /> Patients with symptomatic knee OA were recruited. All the patients received HA injection two times at 2-week intervals. Clinical assessments were performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at baseline and 1 and 6 months after treatment. Imaging evaluation was based on complete knee US examination and the Kellgren-Lawrence grading. Suprapatellar synovial fluid (SF) depth, synovial hypertrophy (SH), and vascularity were measured through US.<br /><br /> In total, 137 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. All patients demonstrated improvement in VAS and WOMAC scores at 1 and 6 months after treatment (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, regression model-based analysis revealed significant associations of SF depth with the VAS and WOMAC scores in all patients. Each centimetre increase in the effusion diameter was associated with a decreased in the 1-month post-treatment VAS improvement percentage (15.26; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.05, 29.5; p = 0.042) and 6-month post-treatment WOMAC improvement (37.43; 95% CI = 37.68, 50.69; p &lt; 0.01). However, SH and vascularity were not significantly associated with VAS or WOMAC scores.<br /><br /> Ultrasound detected suprapatellar effusion predicts reduced efficacy of HA injection in knee OA.<br /><br />Ultrasound detected suprapatellar effusion predicts reduced efficacy of HA injection in knee OA.<br /><br /> We determined the mortality along with the proportion of disease related adverse events measured individually and by a composite adverse outcome (devised by including deaths, disability, relapses, and minimal response) and its predictors in an inception cohort of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM).<br /><br /> IIM from the MyoCite cohort (December 2017-19) were reviewed for early outcomes (mortality, IMACS core set). Comparisons were drawn between those meeting the primary and secondary outcomes.<br /><br /> Of 70 patients [62 adults, M F = 14.8, age 43 (28.5-51) and 8 children, M F = 11, 14.5 (8.8-16)], Dermatomyositis (DM) was the most common subset (29,41.4% adults; 7,87.5% children). Over 10 (4-15) months, 10 (15.2%) died and four Polymyositis were reclassified. One-year survival for anti- Melanoma Differentiation Antigen 5 (MDA5) subtype was 30% and Anti-synthetase Syndrome (ARS) subtype was 75%. Overall, lower respiratory infections were the most common cause of death (n = 3,30%) followed closely by malignancy and Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease (RP ILD).