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Sibling relationships wherein at least one sibling suffers from a mental disorder have seldom been studied. The few existing studies found that children with mental disorders reported high levels of disputes within sibling relationships as well as less parental support and admiration. The aim of the present study was to examine the quality of sibling relationships in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis (clinical sample [CS]) as compared to an age and gender matched healthy control group (HC). One hundred fifty-six children and adolescents (nCS = 78/nHC = 78) between 8 and 18 years of age were recruited. The CS consisted of patients recruited from the daycare facility and inpatient unit of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/az191.html AZ191 solubility dmso] HC was matched by gender, sibling position, and age. Quality of sibling relationships was examined using the German version of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ-deu, self-report). Additionally, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 4-18) was implemented in the CS to enable a classification into externalizing, internalizing, and combined disorders. The CS sample reported a warmer sibling relationship compared to the HC sample. Conflict within the sibling relationship differed significantly between participants with internalizing, externalizing, and combined disorders. Relevance of sibling relationships as a possible resource for children and adolescents with a mental illness is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The goal of this study is to integrate family systems theory, reflected in the construct of coparenting, with the attachment theory's concept of mentalization and how they are linked with children's behavior problems. We investigate the direct, indirect, and moderating links between mothers' and fathers' perceived coparenting, parental mentalization, and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior in the context of parents' general anxiety. Our sample consists of 78 cohabiting, heterosexual Israeli couples and their 3- to 5-year-old children. Both parents independently completed self-report questionnaires regarding their general anxiety, coparenting experiences and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and were individually interviewed to assess their mind-mindedness. Actor-partner interdependent model extended for mediation analysis (APIMeM) revealed a direct actor and partner effect of parents' general anxiety on perceived coparenting and on the child's externalizing and internalizing behavior, and an indirect actor effect via coparenting, in the case of the child's externalizing behavior. In all models tested, the links were similar for mothers and fathers. Regression analysis with a PROCESS macro showed that maternal mind-mindedness, but not paternal mind-mindedness, moderated the direct link between parents' general anxiety and the child's externalizing behavior. Findings demonstrate the significant impact of fathers' and mothers' anxiety on the family system and on children in particular. We discuss the importance of coparenting as an executive subsystem in the family and of maternal mentalization as a buffer against the negative impact of parents' general anxiety on the child and suggest their potential contribution for prevention and treatment interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).We advance a tripartite framework of language use to encompass language skills, the practice of language skills, and the subjective experiences associated with language use among Mexican-origin adolescents who function as language brokers by translating and interpreting for their English-limited parents. Using data collected over 2 waves from a sample of 604 adolescents (Wave 1 Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97), this study identified 4 types of bilingual language broker profiles that capture the tripartite framework of language use efficacious, moderate, ambivalent, and nonchalant. All 4 profiles emerged across waves and brokering recipients (i.e., mothers, fathers), except for Wave 1 brokering for mother, in which case only 3 profiles (i.e., efficacious, moderate, and ambivalent) emerged. Three profiles emerged across time stable efficacious, stable moderate, and other. The efficacious and stable efficacious profiles showed the most consistent relation to adolescents' academic competence. Improving bilingual language proficiency, together with fostering more frequently positive brokering experiences, may be an avenue to improving academic competence among Mexican-origin adolescents in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Some researchers indicate that the transition to high school deflects adolescent developmental trajectories. Others assert that it provides a new possibility for the promotion of adolescents' socioemotional well-being. One critical view missing in such claims is that individual variabilities interact with environmental influences. We employed the framework of Differential Susceptibility Theory, which postulates that individual susceptibilities moderate external influences for better and for worse. To clarify the mechanism of adolescents' differential adjustments, this article investigates the role of sensory-processing sensitivity using the Japanese version of Highly Sensitive Child Scale for Adolescence (J-HSCS) and tests whether the diathesis-stress model or the differential susceptibility model best describes students' socioemotional adjustment across their high school transition. The current article used the two-wave data collected from Japanese adolescents aged from 14 to 15 years (n = 412, 50% girls). In Study 1, we investigated the replicability of psychometric properties of J-HSCS. The results supported previous findings, indicating its validity for the bifactor model. In Study 2, we utilized confirmatory competitive model testing, which maximizes statistical power by parameterizing the crossover point to allow a direct comparison of alternative models. The results indicate that neither the diathesis-stress nor the differential susceptibility models fitted the data. Rather, a strong vantage sensitivity model was revealed, suggesting that highly susceptible adolescents disproportionately benefitted from a positive school transition over their counterparts. This finding signified the role of adolescents' sensitivity to environmental influences and the importance of considering its moderation under Person × Environment interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).There is a need to better understand how to motivate individuals experiencing addiction-related concerns, such as gambling problems, to engage in help-seeking behaviors. This experiment tested whether online messages based on principles of motivational interviewing (MI) could be used to encourage individuals to complete a problem gambling screener. Participants (N = 805) who gambled at least weekly and were not receiving treatment for gambling problems were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 message conditions that all offered participants the choice to complete either a problem gambling screener or an alternative questionnaire focused on gambling-related attitudes. The first condition was an MI-based interactive message, the second was similar in content but was presented in a noninteractive manner, and the third was a control message that did not include motivational elements. We found that the interactive motivational message yielded significantly higher rates of screener completion (39%) than the noninteractive message (28%) or control message (29%), χ² (2, N = 805) = 8.28, p = .016, Φ = .29. This remained significant after controlling for other study variables. Controlling for message condition, participants were more likely to complete the screener if they gambled more frequently, with more money, were more psychologically distressed and interested in receiving help for gambling problems, or had ever received treatment for gambling problems. These findings provide support for the use of interactive MI-based messages to encourage individuals at-risk for experiencing problems to use helping resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).We propose that multitasking behavior influences creativity on subsequent tasks and that it does so through a serially mediated process in which multitasking increases activation, which increases cognitive flexibility, resulting in a positive effect on downstream creativity. We build support for our hypotheses through 4 studies designed to establish both internal and external validity an archival study using coded data from the TV show, Chopped, and a laboratory experiment test the direct link between multitasking and subsequent creativity; while a quasi-experimental field study with restaurant servers and a second laboratory experiment examine the full serial mediation model. Results from the archival study and the first lab experiment support the proposed theory of a positive relationship between multitasking and subsequent creativity. Results from the quasi-experimental field study and second lab experiment suggest that multitasking increases creativity through activation and cognitive flexibility acting in tandem. Together, this work yields important theoretical and practical implications about managing creativity in a fast-paced contemporary workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Prior research indicates that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) display emotion regulation abnormalities that are critically linked to increased symptom severity and poor functional outcome. However, processes contributing to the aberrant implementation of various strategies are unclear. The current study took a multimodal approach to identifying mechanisms underlying the impaired implementation of 2 strategies reappraisal and distraction. Participants included 25 individuals with SZ and 25 healthy controls (CN) who completed separate event-related potential and eye-tracking/pupil dilation tasks. On each task, participants were required to either passively view unpleasant or neutral stimuli or reduce negative affect using reappraisal or distraction emotion regulation strategies. The late positive potential (LPP) event related potential component was used as an objective neurophysiological indicator of emotion regulation effectiveness. Eye tracking and pupil dilation were used to determine whether the implemile implementing reappraisal. Collectively, these findings suggest that individuals with SZ are ineffective at implementing reappraisal and distraction; dysfunctional patterns of visual attention and low cognitive effort may contribute to these difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological need for relatedness have been postulated to play a vital role for affective well-being. Yet, this prediction has not been thoroughly tested in schoolchildren's everyday lives. In this work, we examined the association between relatedness satisfaction and frustration at school on daily and average positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) using ambulatory assessment in three intensive longitudinal studies with children aged 9-12 (total N = 317). In Study 1, 4th to 6th graders reported their PA and NA 2 times daily and their relatedness satisfaction and frustration once a day for 2 weeks. In Study 2 and Study 3, 4th graders and 5th graders, respectively, reported their PA and NA 4 times daily and their relatedness satisfaction and frustration once a day for 4 weeks. Across the 3 studies, relatedness satisfaction and frustration were psychometrically separable and exhibited differential effects such that relatedness satisfaction was significantly associated primarily with PA, and relatedness frustration was significantly associated only with NA at between- and within-person levels.