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A cascade of styrylynols promoted by MnO2 allows the synthesis of fused tricycles with a naphthalene core. The reaction occurs under ambient conditions, offering a practical synthetic tool because of the inexpensive and abundant manganese species. The method affords products through the sequential oxidation of a propargyl alcohol, stepwise Diels-Alder cyclization, and finally rearomatization. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/shp099-dihydrochloride.html Selleck SHP099] According to density functional theory, the usually unfavorable stepwise Diels-Alder mechanism is instead a general tool for eliciting otherwise challenging dearomative annulation.Nanostructures composed of a gold nanorod (AuNR) core and a Pd/Pt shell are of great interest due to their potential application as plasmon resonance-enhanced catalysts. However, the synthesis of well-defined one-dimensional bimetallic nanostructures with precise control over shell thickness and length remains a challenge. In this study, we report a detailed and systematic study on the chemical synthesis of a uniform Pd shell on single crystalline and pentahedrally twinned (PHT) AuNRs of various lengths. AuNRs were used as a template, and the slow and controlled reduction of Pd(II) ions on preformed AuNRs was carried out for the formation of rectangular-shaped Au@Pd bimetallic nanorods. The Pd shell thickness around the AuNRs was controlled by the supply of Pd(II) ions in the growth solution. We were able to grow a ∼20 nm uniform Pd shell around the AuNR, keeping the rod-like morphology intact without local nucleation to form irregular shapes and randomly overgrown nanostructures. The formation of bimetallic nanorods was also extended beyond typical single crystalline nanorods to PHT high aspect ratio gold nanorods and nanowires, using them as templates. To our surprise, unusually curved asymmetric nanorods were formed when the Pd deposition was carried out on AuNRs longer than ∼800 nm which could be possibly due to a Pd and Au lattice mismatch at the interface and higher flexibility of the nanorods when they exceeded certain lengths.A two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheet was prepared by a chemical exfoliation method and served as an excellent matrix for the detection of small molecules by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). link2 In comparison with organic matrices (CHCA, 3-AQ) and a graphene matrix, we found that a MoS2 matrix showed better performance in analysis of amino acids, peptides, fatty acids, and sulfonamides. A systematic comparison of the MoS2 matrix with both ion modes showed that mass spectra produced in negative ion mode featured a corresponding single deprotonated ion, which was rather different from the complex multiple alkali metal addition peaks present in positive ion mode. In addition, better sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained in negative ion mode. The ionization mechanism of MoS2 as a matrix in negative ion mode was further discussed. The deproton peak intensity of the analyte fatty acid decreased after the addition of the hole-scavenger KSCN, indicating that the ionization of the fatty acid was caused by the Auger complex effect of MoS2 and electron injection. Experiments have shown that the MoS2 matrix detects small molecules with good repeatability and can perform semiquantitative analysis of sulfonamides. Finally, the MoS2 matrix was employed for quantitative determination of sulfamethoxine in serum samples by an internal standard method. This MoS2-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MoS2-assisted LDI MS) method provides a simple, rapid, high-throughput approach to evaluate the drug levels in the patient serum and can achieve convenient drug therapy monitoring.The facile modification of the ligands in organometallic Ru(II)-arene complexes offers more opportunities to optimize their pharmacological profiles. Herein, three Ru(II)-arene complexes containing a glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor (NBDHEX) in chelate ligand have been designed and synthesized in this study. In vitro results indicated that the ligation with NBDHEX significantly increased the activities and selectivities of the organometallic Ru(II)-arene complexes against tumor cells, especially complex 3, which was the most active compound among the tested compounds. DFT calculations and hydrolysis results demonstrated that complex 3 with more alkyl groups in the arene ligand has increased electron density at the Ru(II) center as compared with complexes 1 and 2, thus resulting in the improved hydrolysis rate, which may be responsible for its higher anticancer activity. Further studies showed that complexes 1-3 can cause the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in A549 cells, suggesting that complexes 1-3-induced cell death may be mediated via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Thus, these findings suggested that simultaneous modification of the chelate ligands and arene rings in the organometallic Ru(II)-arene complexes is an effective way to improve their pharmacological properties.The low-energy electron-scattering resonances of pyrene were characterized using experimental and computational methods. Experimentally, a two-dimensional photoelectron imaging of the pyrene anion was used to probe the dynamics of resonances over the first 4 eV of the continuum. Computationally, the energies and character of the anion states were determined using equation-of-motion coupled cluster calculations, while taking specific care to avoid the collapse onto discretized continuum levels, and an application of the pairing theorem. Our results are in good agreement with the predictions of electron-scattering calculations that include an offset and with the pyrene anion absorption spectrum in a glass matrix. Taken together, we offer an assignment of the first five electronic resonances of pyrene. Some of the population in the lowest-energy 2B1u resonance was observed to decay to the ground electronic state of the anion, while all other resonances decay by a direct autodetachment. The astronomical relevance of a ground-state electron capture proceeding via a low-energy resonance in pyrene is discussed.This study evidences the adsorption of model nonionic polymers onto aluminogermanate imogolite nanotubes, attractive porous nanofillers with potential molecular loading and release applications. We resolve the underlying mechanisms between nanotubes and polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights by means of nanoisothermal titration calorimetry. The analysis of the results provides a direct thermodynamic characterization, allowing us to propose a detailed description of the energetics involved in the formation of polymer/imogolite complexes. The affinity toward the nanotube surface is enthalpy-driven and strongly depends on the polymer chain length, which significantly affects the polymer configuration and the flow properties of the resulting complexes, probed by small-angle neutron scattering and rheology, respectively. These findings open new avenues for the rational design of these hybrid mixtures for advanced applications.Flexible and foldable Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are presently attracting immense research interest for their potential use in wearable electronics but are still limited to electrodes with very small mass loading, low bending/folding endurance, and poor electrochemical stability during repeated bending and folding movements. Moreover, one-dimensional (1D) structured electrode materials have shown excellent electrochemical performance but are still restricted by the high cost and complicated fabrication process. Here, we present a very simple yet novel approach for fabricating extra-long Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and LiCoO2 (LCO) nanofiber precursors by directly stirring the reagents in an atmospheric vessel. In addition, we present multilayer pyramid/inverted pyramid interlocking inside the LTO and LCO nanofiber films as well as between films and current collectors, which can create strengthened interfacial bonding like a zipper and tangentially disperse the strains generated during folding through the pyramidal planes and edges, leading to the realization of thick-film electrodes with outstanding electrochemical stability during folding movements. The foldable LIBs that are assembled with LTO and LCO nanofiber electrodes at a practical level of mass loading (14.9-19.4 mg cm-2) can maintain 102% of the initial capacity after 15 000 times of fully folding (180°) motions.Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), often referred to as exosomes, are potential biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. However, because of their phenotype heterogeneity, precise detection of tumor-derived sEVs is a great challenge. Herein, a dual-aptamer-assisted AND logic gate was fabricated for sensitive electrochemical detection of tumor-derived sEVs based on a cyclic enzymatic signal amplification strategy. Four different tumor-derived sEVs were used to verify the feasibility of the AND logic gate, and CCRF-CEM sEVs were successfully detected by this assay. The electrochemical assay shows a good linear response from 4 × 103 to 8 × 107 particles/μL, with a detection limit of 920 particles/μL, for CCRF-CEM sEVs, indicating potential application in accurate cancer diagnostics.The coupling reaction of propargylic amines and carbon dioxide (CO2) to synthesize 2-oxazolidinones is an important reaction in industrial production, and yet harsh reaction conditions and noble-metal catalysts are often required to achieve high product yields. Herein, one novel noble-metal-free three-dimensional framework, [Mg3Cu2I2(IN)4(HCOO)2(DEF)4]n (1), assembled by magnesium and copper clusters was synthesized and applied to this reaction. Compound 1 displays excellent solvent stability. Importantly, 1, acting as heterogeneous catalyst, can highly catalyze the cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2 under atmospheric pressure at room temperature, which can be recycled at least five times without an obvious decrease of the catalytic activity. NMR spectroscopy, coupled with 13C-isotope- and deuterium-labeling experiments, clearly clarifies the mechanism of this catalytic system CO2 was successfully captured and converted to the product of 2-oxazolidinones, the C≡C bond of propargylic amines can be effectively activated by 1, and proton transfer was involved in the reaction process. Density functional theory calculations are further conducted to uncover the reaction path and the crucial role of compound 1 during the reaction.Soy protein (SP)-based adhesives can replace traditional aldehyde-based adhesives for the manufacturing of wood-based panels. However, developing a SP-based adhesive with excellent prepressing bonding strength, flame retardancy, and mildew resistance remains a challenge. Herein, an inorganic crystal cross-linked hybrid SP adhesive was developed inspired by the "secreting-hardening" process of the mussel adhesive protein and the organic-inorganic hybrid adhesive system of the oyster. Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) was introduced into the adhesive mixture of SP and acrylic acid to induce the in situ polymerization of acrylic acid to achieve adhesive gelation. link3 The generation of the inorganic crystals by hydration of CSA not only contributed to the formation of a stable cross-linked hybrid adhesive system for strong cohesion but also provided strong interfacial adhesion between the adhesive layers and the plywood veneers. As anticipated, the prepared plywood sample bonded with the hybrid adhesive gel had an excellent prepressing bonding strength of 544 kPa, representing a significant increase compared to that of the pure SP adhesive (19 kPa).