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The plateau pika, a typical hypoxia-tolerant mammal lives 3000-5000 m above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has acquired many physiological and morphological characteristics and strategies in its adaptation to sustained, high-altitude hypoxia. Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is one such strategy, but the genes involved in this strategy have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the genes involved and their expression profiles in the lung transcriptome of plateau pikas subjected to different hypoxic conditions (using low-pressure oxygen cabins). A slight, right ventricular hypertrophy was observed in pikas of the control group (altitude 3200 m) vs. those exposed to 5000 m altitude conditions for one week. Our assembly identified 67,774 genes; compared with their expression in the control animals, 866 and 8364 genes were co-upregulated and co-downregulated, respectively, in pikas subjected to 5000 m altitude conditions for 1 and 4 w. We elucidated pathways that were associated with pulmonary vascular arterial pressure, including vascular smooth muscle contraction, HIF-1 signalling, calcium signalling, cGMP-PKG signalling, and PI3K-Akt signalling based on the differentially expressed genes; the top-100 pathway enrichments were found between the control group and the group exposed to 5000 m altitude conditions for 4 w. The mRNA levels of 18 candidate gene showed that more than 83% of genes were expressed and the number of transcriptome The up-regulated genes were EPAS1, Hbα, iNOS, CX40, CD31, PPM1B, HIF-1α, MYLK, Pcdh12, Surfactant protein B, the down-regulated genes were RYR2, vWF, RASA1, CLASRP, HIF-3α. Our transcriptome data are a valuable resource for future genomic studies on plateau pika.<br /><br /> Tracheostomy in children is a surgical procedure with considerable morbidity and mortality. However, there is still a lack of population-based survey in pediatric tracheostomy. This study analyses population-based data in pediatric tracheostomy among different ages in Taiwan.<br /><br /> This study used National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. All children (aged &lt;18 years) who underwent tracheostomy during 1997-2016 were identified. We retrieved data regarding baseline characteristics, perioperative care, and mortality associated with pediatric tracheostomy, and compared differences in variables between different age groups.<br /><br /> We observed that 2300 children received tracheostomy (mean age, 8.7 years; 64% boys). Regarding the age group distribution of the patients, 585 (25.4%) were infants (&lt;1 year), 227 (9.9%) were toddlers (1-3 years), 175 (7.6%) were preschool-aged children (3-6 years), 317 (13.8%) were school-aged children (6-12 years), and 996 (43.3%) were adolescents (12-18 years). Surgical ilaborates the epidemiology of pediatric tracheostomy in different age groups.<br /><br />This study elaborates the epidemiology of pediatric tracheostomy in different age groups.<br /><br /> In patients with mandibular hypoplasia, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) aims to relieve tongue-based airway obstruction. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) provides a dynamic assessment of the upper airway and visualizes anatomical site and cause of airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MDO on tongue-based airway obstruction found by DISE within a non-isolated patient population with severe upper airway obstruction (UAO). Furthermore, we aimed to assess the additional value of DISE in clinical decision making by correlating DISE findings to functional airway outcomes after MDO.<br /><br /> Findings on DISE in children who underwent MDO were retrospectively gathered and evaluated. According to DISE findings, severity of tongue-based obstruction was scored using a 4-step classification similar to the one that is used by Bravo et al.. Intubation conditions were scored according to the Cormack Lehane score (CLS). Pre-and postoperative DISE findings were compared and correlatedt. Hence, standardized use of DISE, in addition to the clinical assessment of mandibular position and a polysomnography, during MDO management is highly recommended.<br /><br />DISE provides information on the site and nature of airway obstruction and can visualize the effect of MDO on the severity of tongue-based airway obstruction. Therefore, it can be of additional value in understanding the differences in functional airway outcomes after MDO and aids in deciding appropriate and targeted treatment. Hence, standardized use of DISE, in addition to the clinical assessment of mandibular position and a polysomnography, during MDO management is highly recommended.Fibrosis and cancer is described by some epidemiological studies as chronic stages of different disease conditions typically characterized by uncontrolled accumulation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), thereby leading to inflammation of tissues and organ (lungs, heart, liver and kidney) dysfunction. It is highly prevalent, and contributes to increased mortality rate worldwide. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fm19g11.html FM19G11 in vivo] Currently, the therapeutical approaches involving selected medications (bemcentinib, pirfenidone and nintedanib) obtained synthetically, and used in clinical practices for fibrosis and cancer management and treatment has shown to be unsatisfactorily, especially during progressive stages of the disease. With regards to finding a more potent, effective, and promising curative for fibrosis and cancer, there is need for continuous experimental studies universally. However, phytochemical constituents' particularly phenolic compounds [Chlorogenic acid (CGA)] obtained from coffee, and coffee beans have been predominantly utilized in experimental studies, due to its multiple pharmacological properties against various disease forms. Considering its natural source alongside minimal toxicity level, CGA, a major precursor of coffee have gained considerable attention nowadays from researchers worldwide, owing to its wide, efficacious and beneficial action against fibrosis and cancer. Interestingly, the safety of CGA has been proven. Furthermore, numerous experimental studies have also deduced massive remarkable outcomes in the use of CGA clinically, as a potential drug candidate against treatment of fibrosis and cancer. In the course of this review article, we systematically discussed the beneficial contributions of CGA with regards to its source, absorption, metabolism, mechanistic effects, and molecular mechanisms against different fibrosis and cancer categorization, which might be a prospective remedy in the future. Moreover, we also highlighted CGA (in vitro and in vivo analytical studies) defensive effects against various disorders.<br /><br /> Meckel's Diverticulum (MD) is the most occurring congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. It characterizes a patent remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. Despite remaining asymptomatic most of the time, the rarity of its occurrence is reflected by the scarcity of data involving it in the literature. Gastrointestinal bleeding, bowel obstruction, and inflammation are the most prevalent complications of MD. Perforation of MD is very rare.<br /><br /> We present the case of a previously healthy 32-year-old female, who presented to the emergency department with a 2-day-history of generalized abdominal pain. Radiological analysis suggested a perforated viscus and an inflamed Appendix.<br /><br /> Our patient was diagnosed preoperatively with perforated hollow viscus and an exploratory laparotomy was indicated. Intraoperatively, a perforated MD was found and treated by surgical excision of the affected loop of bowel with end-to-end anastomosis and the specimens were sent for histopathological analysis. Histopathology revealo highlight its incidence. Due to the rarity of a perforated MD in an adult female, it's worthy to consider such cases to explore preoperative assessment techniques, surgical interventions options, and postoperative complications.<br /><br /> Around 1% of all complications associated with breast implants are attributable to infection, classified as acute, subacute, or late-onset, with late-onset infections being the rarest. Even when symptoms are not obvious, an infection may still be lingering. Sub-clinical presentations have been implicated in the pathophysiology of breast implant capsular contracture. Organisms can establish dormancy through biofilm formation, and can also be idiopathically activated, and present as a late-onset infection, as has been clearly described in the literature with the infamous Enterococcus avium.<br /><br /> We report the case of a 44-year-old woman who underwent bilateral augmentation mastopexy seven years ago complicated by an acute perioperative infection that was resolved with a full course of antibiotics. She presented to the clinic complaining of left breast pain and swelling accompanied by fever for four days. Ultrasonic imaging showed moderate peri-implant fluid positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon aspiration. Thr idiopathic activation considering the consequences on patient outcomes.<br /><br /> GIST can occur in all segments of the gastrointestinal tract with a predilection for the stomach. Retroperitoneal localization remains exceptional. We report a case to describe our diagnostic and therapeutic approach.<br /><br /> A 55-year-old patient was admitted with borborygms and a sensation of lumbar swelling for 6months. He was diabetic and hypertensive. The clinical examination noted a right lumbar mass with perception of bowel sound anterior to the mass, with minimal discomfort and mobility. Ultrasound revealed a hypervascularised, encapsulated, well-limited retroperitoneal tissue mass in contact with the right psoas muscle. Abdomino-pelvic CT scan showed a large, hypervascularized, encapsulated, calcified tissue mass measuring 147×106mm in close contact with the outer edge of the right psoas muscle, suspected of being malignant. MRI noted a suspicious process developed at the expense of the right psoas muscle in its lumbar and iliac portion suggestive of a psoas rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient underwent laparotomy with a retroperitoneal approach by lumbar incision. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed a GIST expressing CD117. The patient was put on imatinib for 6months. He is complaint-free after 4months.<br /><br /> Despite the rarity of retroperitoneal GIST, it should be considered in the presence of any retroperitoneal mass. This will allow for early management.<br /><br /> Retroperitoneum is an exceptional location for GIST. Surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment. Adjuvant imatinib reduces the risk of recurrence. The prognosis is usually good.<br /><br />Retroperitoneum is an exceptional location for GIST. Surgery remains the mainstay of curative treatment. Adjuvant imatinib reduces the risk of recurrence. The prognosis is usually good.<br /><br /> Adenocarcinoma of the jejunum is a diagnostic challenge for the physician because of its extreme rareness and the fact that it classically presents with vague clinical symptoms. On the other hand, the Sister Mary Joseph's nodule is a rare clinical sign that refers to umbilical metastasis of an internal malignancy. We here report a rare case of jejunal adenocarcinoma revealed by a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule.<br /><br /> A 55-year-old man presented with an ulcerated umbilical tumor, which was found to be a secondary lesion of an advanced jejunal adenocarcinoma invading the transverse colon. He underwent surgical resection of the umbilical tumor and the intestinal primitive.<br /><br /> The presence of umbilical metastasis usually represents advanced disease but can be its first manifestation. Gastro-intestinal tract tumors such as jejunal adenocarcinomas and gynecologic malignancies are the most common primary sites.<br /><br /> Practicians must be aware of clinical implication of Sister Mary Joseph nodule. Aggressive surgery when feasible can be beneficial for survival.