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Two children survived with an aggressive management (decompressive surgery and early radio-chemotherapy).<br /><br /> Cerebellar swelling is an unrecognised and sudden complication of posterior fossa surgery for metastatic anaplastic medulloblastoma with leptomeningeal dissemination in young children. An initial less invasive surgical approach could be considered in such cases, in order to prevent this complication with potentially tragic issue, and which cannot be managed with a CSF shunt alone.<br /><br />Cerebellar swelling is an unrecognised and sudden complication of posterior fossa surgery for metastatic anaplastic medulloblastoma with leptomeningeal dissemination in young children. An initial less invasive surgical approach could be considered in such cases, in order to prevent this complication with potentially tragic issue, and which cannot be managed with a CSF shunt alone.<br /><br /> To determine whether corneal cross-linking (CXL) with individualized fluence ("sub400 protocol") is able to stop keratoconus (KC) progression in ultrathin corneas with 12-month follow-up.<br /><br /> Retrospective, interventional case series.<br /><br /> Thirty-nine eyes with progressive KC and corneal stromal thicknesses from 214 to 398μm at the time of ultraviolet irradiation were enrolled. After epithelium removal, ultraviolet irradiation was performed at 3 mW/cm<br /><br /> with irradiation times individually adapted to stromal thickness. Pre- and postoperative examinations included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, Scheimpflug, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography imaging up to 12months after CXL. Outcome measures were arrest of KC progression at 12months postoperatively and stromal demarcation line (DL) depth.<br /><br /> Thirty-five eyes (90%) showed tomographical stability at 12months after surgery. No eyes showed signs of endothelial decompensation. A significant correlation was found between DL depth and 2 months. The sub400 protocol allows for the treatment of corneas as thin as 214 μm of corneal stroma, markedly extending the treatment range. The DL depth did not predict treatment outcome. Hence, the depth is unlikely related to the extent of CXL-induced corneal stiffening but rather to the extent of CXL-induced microstructural changes and wound healing.<br /><br /> To evaluate the degree of genetic influence on macular choroidal volume.<br /><br /> A cross-sectional twin and family study.<br /><br /> In total, 353 Korean adults with healthy eyes from 78 households with 2 or more family members were included in the study. Macular choroidal volume was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging at 9 macular subfields defined by the ETDRS. Demographics and clinical characteristics were investigated, including age, sex, axial length, hypertension, diabetes, drinking habits, and smoking status. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html click here] The associations of these factors with macular choroidal volume were assessed using univariate and subsequent multivariate regression analyses while accounting for family structure. The heritability estimates of macular choroidal volume in total and at each of the 9 macular subfields were calculated after adjusting the covariates.<br /><br /> Patients who were younger, male, and had a shorter axial length showed associations with greater choroidal volume (P &lt; .001 for all 3 independent variables). The covariates-adjusted heritability (±standard error) of the total macular choroidal volume was 0.76 ± 0.06, and the heritabilities of choroidal volume at each subfield ranged from 0.55 ± 0.09 (inner temporal subfield) to 0.77 ± 0.08 (inner superior subfield).<br /><br /> The macular choroidal volume is highly heritable.<br /><br />The macular choroidal volume is highly heritable.<br /><br /> To investigate the clinical findings and natural course of patients with pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy (PPCRA) using multimodal imaging.<br /><br /> Retrospective, observational case series.<br /><br /> We reviewed the records of consecutive patients diagnosed with PPCRA at a single center and assessed serial fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. Electrophysiological findings and visual field analysis were also reviewed.<br /><br /> The study included 50 eyes in 25 patients. The mean age of the population was 51.6 ± 14.6 years. Nine patients (36.0%) were asymptomatic and 9 (36.0%) complained of nyctalopia. We divided fundus appearance into one of 3 groups paravenous (58.0%), focal (16.0%), and confluent (26.0%). Of the 50 eyes, macular involvement was present in 13 eyes (26.0%). Fifteen patients (60.0%) demonstrated a symmetric fundus appearance, whereas 10 (40.0%) had marked asymmetry. Eight eyes (16.0%) exhibited apparent changes in fundus findings, over a mean follow-up period of 8.8 years. FAF imaging was most sensitive to evaluate the extent of lesions. Sixteen eyes (44.4%) showed progressive visual field loss during the follow-up period. Most patients maintained stable vision, and 36 eyes (72.0%) had a final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. Nevertheless, some eyes with macular involvement experienced severe deterioration in vision. Electrophysiological data were variable, and interocular asymmetry was common (45.8%).<br /><br /> PPCRA can present with a more variable expressivity than previously described. Multimodal imaging can provide insights into its clinical characteristics to facilitate the diagnosis, classification, and follow-up of these patients.<br /><br />PPCRA can present with a more variable expressivity than previously described. Multimodal imaging can provide insights into its clinical characteristics to facilitate the diagnosis, classification, and follow-up of these patients.<br /><br /> To assess the number of infants at risk of delayed primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) evaluation due to long travel times to specialists.<br /><br /> Cross-sectional geospatial service coverage analysis.<br /><br /> All American Glaucoma Society (AGS) and American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) provider locations were geocoded using each organization's member directory. Sixty-minute drive time regions to providers were generated using ArcGIS Pro (Esri). The geographic intersection of AGS and AAPOS service areas was computed because patients typically require visits to both types of specialists. American Community Survey data were then overlaid to estimate the number of infants within and beyond the AGS/AAPOS service areas.<br /><br /> One thousand twenty-nine AGS and 1,040 AAPOS provider locations were geocoded. The analysis yielded 944,047 infants age 0-1 year (23.6%) who live beyond the AGS/AAPOS service areas. Therefore, approximately 14-94 new PCG cases/year may be at risk of delayed diagnosis as a result of living in a potential service desert.