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The analysis included 13 eligible articles including a total of 206 participants. The most frequent dosage used in the studies was 8 g of citrulline malate. Citrulline supplementation significantly reduced RPE (n = 7, p = 0.03) and muscle soreness 24-h and 48-h after post-exercise (n = 7, p = 0.04; n = 6, p = 0.25, respectively). However, citrulline supplementation did not significantly reduce muscle soreness 72-h post-exercise (n = 4, p = 0.62) or lower blood lactate levels (n = 8, p = 0.17).<br /><br /> Citrulline supplements significantly reduced post-exercise RPE and muscle soreness without affecting blood lactate levels.<br /><br />Citrulline supplements significantly reduced post-exercise RPE and muscle soreness without affecting blood lactate levels.<br /><br /> Physical activity (PA) in the early years is associated with a range of positive health outcomes. Fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence is associated with PA and is theorized to be driven by PA in the early years and vice versa in mid to late childhood. However, to date, no studies have meta-analyzed the association between PA and FMS in the early years.<br /><br /> Six electronic databases were searched for articles published up to April 2019. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included if they targeted children (ages 3-6 year) as the population of the study and assessed the association between objectively measured PA and FMS. Total FMS, total physical activity (TPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) data were meta-analyzed using a random effects model.<br /><br /> We identified 24,815 titles and abstracts. In total, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 14 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies, as well as 1 study with cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. There was a signifrom longitudinal studies supports the theory that PA drives FMS in the early years of childhood. More evidence is needed from large studies to track PA and FMS until mid to late childhood and to explore the mediators of this association.<br /><br /> Despite the known contribution of sport to health and well-being, sport participation declines in older age. However, for some people, sport continues to play an important role in older age and may contribute to improved health and well-being in older years. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057.html see more] Although the health-related benefits of participating in sport are commonly reported, the reasons why some older adults continue to play sport are not well understood. This systematic review aimed to (1) identify studies from the literature that evaluated the reasons why older adults (aged 55 years and older) participate in sport and (2) synthesize and discuss the reasons for their participation reported in the literature.<br /><br /> Searches of the electronic databases Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were performed. Studies were included that evaluated reasons for sport participation in adults aged 55 years and older because this is the age at which sport participation has been reported to begin declining. The studies included in this review the reasons given for participation. Generally, the quality of the studies was good; however, mixed methods studies lacked appropriate data analysis procedures.<br /><br /> Older adults play sport for a range of health-related and social reasons that can contribute to the experience of successful ageing. Strategies to increase sport participation by older adults should focus on promoting these aspects.<br /><br />Older adults play sport for a range of health-related and social reasons that can contribute to the experience of successful ageing. Strategies to increase sport participation by older adults should focus on promoting these aspects.<br /><br /> The extent to which walking pace is associated with a reduced risk for stroke remains unclear. This study examined the association between walking pace and stroke risk based on prospective cohort studies.<br /><br /> Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Internet were searched from the inception dates to January 31, 2019, for prospective cohort studies focusing on walking pace and risk of stroke in adults. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. The dependent measure was stroke incidence. Using random-effects models, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall relative risks (RR) of stroke incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the individuals with the fastest walking paces vs. individuals with the slowest walking paces. A dose-response relationship was also examined.<br /><br /> After screening 1294 titles/abstracts and 14 full-text studies identified in the search, 7 studies (from 8 cohorts) were included in the meta-analysis. The 7 studies included a total of 135,645 participants (95.2% women; mean age 63.6 years) and 2229 stroke events (median follow-up time = 8.0 years). Compared to individuals in the slowest walking-pace category (median = 1.6 km/h), individuals in the fastest walking-pace category (median = 5.6 km/h) had a 44% lower risk of stroke (pooled RR = 0.56, 95%CI 0.48-0.65). There was also a linear dose-response relationship (RR = 0.87; 95%CI 0.83-0.91), with the risk of stroke decreased by 13% for every 1 km/h increment in baseline walking pace. We observed similar results across walking-pace assessment, type of stroke ascertainment, stroke subtypes, sex, sample size, and duration of follow-up.<br /><br /> Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that walking pace is inversely associated with the risk of stroke.<br /><br />Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that walking pace is inversely associated with the risk of stroke.When a pathology is diagnosed at the birth of a child, the parents are confronted with an overwhelming life ordeal they have to face. A discussion group for these mothers and fathers of newborn babies who have needed a digestive stoma allows them to discuss their daily lives and share common concerns, to be reassured by the difficulties encountered, to gain confidence in the care provided and to project themselves into the future more serenely.During the first wave of the epidemic, current events have given pride of place to the hospital world, its difficulties and its successes. However, everything relating to maternal and child welfare (PMI) or the liberal practice of the profession has been almost non-existent. Yet these professionals remained mobilised throughout the confinement of the spring. Interview with Fabienne Grillère and Pauline Le Masson, two nursery nurses from PMIs in Grenoble.In the field of child protection, the first confinement linked to the epidemic wave has had many consequences... preceded by many questions how will things turn out for children placed in nurseries? How can the parent-child bond be maintained after a sudden stop in visits? In the field, professionals have had to adapt and reorganise, while respecting health recommendations.The child welfare sector was not spared by the first containment related to COVID-19. Everywhere, a unique organisation had to be set up to combat the spread of the epidemic. In Isère, a doctor explains how one stage followed another, in an unprecedented and uncertain context.The health and social crisis linked to the COVID-19 shows the limits of a welfare state that is concerned to include care in its actions and struggles to invest in preventive public policies. The latter would surely have made it possible to live the pandemic differently. In the field of child protection, the preventive nurseries and their actions for the benefit of families were able to maintain a link with parents during the first confinement. This is the case of the establishments of the association Enfant Présent, which has created a parental phone support platform.At the Libourne Hospital Center, the Institute for Nursing Training was mobilized during the first wave of COVID-19 to welcome the children of caregivers who could not be cared for. A new experience which was made possible thanks to the help of several nursing students. Interview with two of them, Manon Leymarie (in her third year at that time and now a graduate) and Louise Ruault (in her first year in 2019-2020).Dominique Pellarin is a documentalist at the Institute of Nursing Training at the Libourne Hospital Centre. Catherine Billard is an early childhood educator and was seconded from the hospital's paediatrics department at the height of the first wave of the epidemic. Both supervised a reception system for the children of caregivers set up within the establishment during the confinement period. Interview.Since the emergence of the new coronavirus in China at the end of 2019 and its spread across five continents, our lives have changed. Confinement, state of health emergency, barrier gestures, physical distancing, etc., an arsenal of unprecedented measures has been put in place in France to break the chains of transmission of the virus and prevent the subsequent disease, COVID-19. A look back at these extraordinary events and what we know (or don't know) about the pandemic.<br /><br /> La présente directive clinique révisée met à jour les renseignements sur la prestation de soins aux femmes atteintes d'une infection virale chronique devant se soumettre à un test diagnostique fœtal intra-utérin.<br /><br /> Femmes atteintes d'une infection virale chronique qui sont enceintes ou prévoient le devenir.<br /><br /> Tests de dépistage non invasifs à des fins diagnostiques marqueurs placentaires sériques maternels avec ou sans mesure de la clarté nucale, échographie, ADN fœtal libre circulant dans le sang maternel; et tests diagnostiques fœtaux intra-utérins amniocentèse, biopsie choriale (choriocentèse), cordocentèse.<br /><br /> Les recommandations de la présente directive clinique pourraient réduire ou éliminer la morbi-mortalité chez les femmes atteintes d'une infection virale chronique et leurs nourrissons, ce qui est associé à d'importantes conséquences sur les plans de la santé et de l'économie. DONNéES PROBANTES La littérature publiée a été recueillie au moyen de recherches dans les bases de données PubMed et Cochrandirective clinique. MéTHODES DE VALIDATION L'auteur a évalué la qualité des données probantes et la solidité des recommandations au moyen du cadre méthodologique GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation). Consulter l'annexe A en ligne (le tableau A1 pour les définitions et le tableau A2 pour les interprétations des recommandations fortes et faibles). PUBLIC VISé Les utilisateurs prévus sont des fournisseurs de soins de maternité et les femmes atteintes d'une infection virale chronique. Cette directive fournit des renseignements pour renseigner et conseiller ces femmes et leur offrir des options de procréation. RECOMMENDATIONS (GRADE RATINGS IN PARENTHESES).<br /><br /> This revised guideline provides updated information for the care of women with chronic viral infections who require intrauterine fetal diagnostic testing.<br /><br /> Women with chronic viral infections who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy.<br /><br /> Non-invasive screening tests for diagnosis maternal serum placental analytes with or without nuchal translucency, sonography, maternal serum cell-free placental DNA; and intrauterine fetal diagnostic testing amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, cordocentesis.<br /><br /> The recommendations in this guideline have the potential to decrease or eliminate morbidity and mortality in women with chronic viral infections and their infants, which is associated with significant health and economic outcomes.<br /><br /> Published literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed, guidelines of national societies (Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, other international societies), and the Cochrane Library using appropriate controlled vocabulary (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, cordocentesis, procedure pregnancy loss risk, viral vertical transmission, fetal and neonatal infection) and keywords (maternal infection or exposure, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus).