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3%. Autoimmune disease was accompanying in 14 (22.6%) patients, and coexisting infection was detected in 15 (24.2%) patients. Thyroid autoantibodies were detected positive in 24.5% of the patients, and helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) antigen was found positive in 69% of the patients.<br /><br /> Autoimmune thyroid diseases and infections are frequently detected as the accompanying diseases in patients diagnosed with CU.<br /><br />Autoimmune thyroid diseases and infections are frequently detected as the accompanying diseases in patients diagnosed with CU.<br /><br /> The present study aims to compare different types of insulin concerning treatment success and insulin dose requirement in type 2 diabetes patients who were receiving basal-bolus insulin therapy and to evaluate the causes of treatment failure despite high doses of insulin.<br /><br /> In our retrospective study, 198 type 2 diabetes patients who were receiving basal-bolus insulin therapy included. Patients were divided into three groups according to the insulin types (Group 1 short and long-acting analogue insulin users (n=83), Group 2 short and long-acting human regular insulin users (n=58), Group 3 human regular insulin + long-acting analogue insulin users (57)). Demographic data and daily insulin doses were recorded from the patient follow-up files. These data and the rates of achievement of the target HbA1c levels were also compared between groups. In addition, insulin doses of the patients whose glycemic targets could and could not be achieved were compared.<br /><br /> In this study, 123 (62.1%) of the 198 patients were fel. The underlying causes should be investigated and correctible reasons should be eliminated in these patients.<br /><br />In our study, in which we did not find any significant difference in the dose analysis between analogue and regular insulin, the findings showed that high insulin doses might not be sufficient for glycemic control. The underlying causes should be investigated and correctible reasons should be eliminated in these patients.<br /><br /> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, which are characterized by insulin resistance. NAFLD is thought to be a manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver. Liver fibrosis has a high prognostic significance in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, the relationship between insulin resistance and the histopathological changes in the liver was investigated in biopsy-proven NAFLD patients.<br /><br /> In this study, 85 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients (64 NASH, 21 non-NASH) and 40 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Insulin resistance was calculated using the "homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance" (HOMA-IR).<br /><br /> C reactive protein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group compared to the control group. In the NASH group, the HOMA-IR level was significantly higher than the non-NASH group (p=0.026). When NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis (stage 3-4, n=27) and without fibrosis (stage 0-2, n=58) are compared, in advanced fibrosis group BMI (35.2±4.6 kg/m<br /><br /> and 32.7±4.1 kg/m<br /><br /> , respectively; p=0.031) and HOMA-IR (6.3 [5.8-6.8] and 3.4 [2.6-4.8], respectively, p=0.001) levels were higher significantly. In the covariance analysis, when confounding factors, such as BMI, age and gender, were corrected, it was observed that the elevation of HOMA-IR level in the advanced fibrosis group continued statistically significantly.<br /><br /> HOMA-IR levels were high in NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis. HOMA-IR, which can be easily measured in daily practice, is an independent predictor for fibrosis.<br /><br />HOMA-IR levels were high in NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis. HOMA-IR, which can be easily measured in daily practice, is an independent predictor for fibrosis.<br /><br /> In the literature, the effects of vitamin D on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have been investigated. Conflicting results have been reported in these studies conducted. LUTS is more common in women. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and LUTS in female patients using the uroflowmetric method.<br /><br /> This retrospective cohort study included 186 female patients who were admitted with LUTS. Demographic characteristics, medical history, calcium (Ca) and vitamin D, including laboratory studies and uroflowmetry results, as maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), average urine flow rate (Qav) and voided volume (V) were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups according to age (18-50 and ≥51) and vitamin D levels (&lt;20 and ≥20). Laboratory parameters and uroflowmetry results were compared between groups.<br /><br /> Mean age was 56.85±12.95 years. Mean vitamin D level was 21.19±13.93 ng/mL (2.5-83.5). Mean Qmax value was 35.41±12.63, whereas the mean Qav was 19.13±9.89, and the mean V wasn patients with LUTS.<br /><br /> The effects of chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers usage on adverse outcomes and disease severity remain uncertain in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between chronic use of RAAS inhibitors and in-hospital adverse events among hypertensive patients hospitalized with COVID-19.<br /><br /> In this retrospective single-center study, we enrolled 349 consecutive hypertensive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. All patients were chronically on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/ angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) or other antihypertensive therapies before hospital admission. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sh-4-54.html SH-4-54 solubility dmso] Adverse clinical events were defined as in-hospital mortality, admission to intensive care unit, need for high-flow oxygen and intubation.<br /><br /> Patients were categorized into two groups according to the type of antihypertensive therapy. (ACEI/ARBs users, N=201; ACEI/ARB nonusers, N=148) There was no statistically significant difference between ACEI/ith COVID-19. Although the recent data are contradictory, chronic ACEI/ARB therapy is not recommended to be discontinued in hypertensive patients during their hospitalization for COVID-19.