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A new, green, and cost-effective magnetic solid-phase extraction of aflatoxins and ochratoxins from edible vegetable oils samples was developed using polydopamine-coated magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PDA@Fe3O4-MWCNTs) as the absorbent. PDA@Fe3O4-MWCNTs nanomaterials were prepared by chemical co-precipitation and in situ oxidation and self-polymerization of dopamine and was characterized. Factors affecting MSPE and the adsorption behavior of the adsorbent to mycotoxins were studied, and the optimal extraction conditions of MSPE and the complexity of the adsorption process were determined. Based on this, the magnetic solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method (MSPE-HPLC-FLD) was established for determining six mycotoxins [aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2, and ochratoxin A (OTA) and OTB)] in vegetable oils. The recovery was 70.15%~89.25%, and RSD was ≤6.4%. PDA@Fe3O4-MWCNTs showed a high affinity toward aflatoxins and ochratoxins, allowing selective extraction and quantification of aflatoxins and ochratoxins from complex sample matrices.Active food packaging materials containing procyanidins (PC) exhibits outstanding antimicrobial activity, but PC is easy to be hydrolyzed by acid. A novel water-soluble chitosan (CS)-based copolymer was prepared to be used as a carrier to provide a pH-stable environment for loading PC. CS was copolymerized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via a coupling reagent-mediated approach. The CS-graft-PVA film exhibited a desirable PC encapsulation efficiency of over 95% and excellent long-term release sustainability, which was better than the conventional CS and CS-blend-PVA films. Moreover, CS-graft-PVA film had satisfactory mechanical properties and barrier properties, as well possessed a desirable antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibition against foodborne pathogenic microbes and spoilage bacteria. The film was also applied in the salmon muscle perseveration and showed a potential ability to prevent microorganism contamination and texture deterioration in 10 days. These results suggested that the CS-graft-PVA film has an excellent promise for future food packaging applications.Celery is a fibrous horticultural vegetable grown globally and widely consumed due to its health benefits, distinct flavours and culinary versatility. Currently, few datasets examine its aroma development across maturity which could help guide growers towards optimising harvest times whilst identifying potential consequences of harvesting outside commercial maturity. Freeze-dried celery of two genotypes, selected for biochemical and sensory differences, were harvested at three time-points and investigated using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME GC/MS) and gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O). Both maturity and genotype showed significant (P less then 0.05) interactions between compounds, and harvest stage exhibited greater impact upon aroma quality than plant genotype. Thus, indicating that agronomic practice is key in determining crop quality. Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phthalides begun to decrease once commercial maturity was reached, whereas alcohols were more prominent in post-mature celery. GC/O results confirmed the importance of phthalides to mature celery aroma and aroma differences caused by genotype.The main objective of this study is to compare the quality characteristics of the sunflower oils bleached with microwave and industrial techniques. The bleaching efficiencies of microwave and industrial bleaching methods were found as 83.76% and 85.68%, respectively. The totox values of bleached oil were found as 22.39 and 18.86 in microwave and industrial bleaching, respectively. The free fatty acid content was almost not changed with microwave bleaching, it was decreased by the industrial bleaching. No significant difference was reported in tocopherol content and sterol composition of oil after both industrial and microwave methods. The amount of clay and the bleaching time were reduced by 50% and 73%, respectively in microwave bleaching. The possibility of the repetitive use of bleaching clay was also evaluated and it was found that the clay used in microwave bleaching was efficient at least twice for bleaching of sunflower oil.Enduring sex differences in the brain are established during a developmental process known as brain sexual differentiation and are mainly driven by estrogens during a critical period. In rodents, the masculinization of the preoptic area by estrogens derived from the central aromatization of testosterone depends in part on the interaction between microglia and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pro-inflammatory hormone of the prostanoid subclass. In contrast, in birds, estrogens produced by females induce a demasculinization, but whether an interaction with the neuro-immune system is involved in this process is unknown. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ide397-gsk-4362676.html this website] This study addressed this question by testing the effects of blockade of cyclo‑oxygenases (COX), the rate-limiting enzymes for prostanoid synthesis, on embryonic microglia and the sexual differentiation of brain and behavior using the Japanese quail as an animal model. The results show that COX inhibition does not affect the behavior of females, but impairs male sexual behavior and suppresses the sex difference in microglial profiles at embryonic day 12 (E12) in the medial preoptic nucleus by increasing the number of microglia in males only. However, neither prostanoid concentrations nor PGE2 receptors differed between sexes in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (HPOA) during development. Overall, these results uncovered a potential role of prostanoids in the demasculinization of Japanese quail. Moreover, the parallel effect of COX inhibition on behavior and microglia suggests an interaction between prostanoids and microglia in brain demasculinization, thus fueling the hypothesis of a conserved role of the neuroimmune system in the organization of the brain by estrogens.Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has emerged as a viable pathway for processing wet organic solid wastes (OSW) to yield biocrude oil which could be upgraded to transportation fuels and specialty chemicals. The HTL process results in two byproducts laden with high levels of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Recovery of phosphates in the byproducts as struvite and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4-N) as ammonium sulfate is proposed here as a promising pathway to utilize the HTL byproducts. A case study of this pathway using algal biomass as a model OSW yielded 8.2 g struvite/100 g OSW and 10.7 g ammonium sulfate/100 g OSW. Heavy metal levels in both struvite and ammonium sulfate crystals were below EPA regulations for land application. This biofertilizer recovery pathway could render OSW processing by HTL a greener alternative to anaerobic digestion, offering feedstock versatility, substantially smaller footprint, and a higher degree of OSW valorization.This study proposed a novel method to enhance short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from anaerobic algae fermentation by using coconut shell ash. The maximum SCFAs production was 683.0 mg COD/g VS at the ash dosage of 1.2 g/g TS, which was about 1.4-folds that of the control, and the enhancement of acetate production was the main path for the promotion of SCFAs. Coconut shell ash increased the pH and alkalinity of digestate, thereby reducing the use of alkaline reagents and being more resistant to acidic environments. Coconut shell ash promoted the processes of solubilization, hydrolysis and acetogenesis, and enriched hydrolytic microorganisms (e.g., Candidatus Microthrix) and acidifying microorganisms with acetate as substrate (e.g., Caldilinea and Proteiniphilum). Anaerobic fermentation residue with ash containing inorganic elements has the potential to be used as fertilizer, making this waste-control-waste strategy with more economic and environmental benefits for potential practical applications.Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has gained wide interest due to the development of neural network architectures with high performance in computer vision related tasks. As AI based software programs become more integrated into the clinical workflow, radiologists can benefit from better understanding the principles of artificial intelligence. This series aims to explain basic concepts of AI and its applications in medical imaging. In this article, we will review the background of neural network architecture and its application in imaging analysis.After fertilization, the genome of the totipotent embryo is transcriptionally inactive and then initiates bursts of transcription termed zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Despite the fundamental importance of initiating an embryonic transcription program for the start of life, the essential regulators and molecular mechanisms triggering ZGA in most organisms are poorly understood. One mechanism centers on pioneer factors that function in cellular reprogramming and differentiation. Recent studies revealed that not only a single but multiple pioneer factors bind cooperatively to the genome to open chromatin, resulting in changes in epigenetic modifications and triggering ZGA. Here, we review recent insights into the functions of pioneer factors during ZGA and discuss the potential relevance to three-dimensional chromatin organization during embryonic development.<br /><br /> Transferring what has been learned in the classroom to clinical application is the main goal of nursing education. Our previous intervention study, in which a web-based interactive situational teaching strategy in a nursing ethic course was conducted as an experimental group, and the students in the class who were taught using a traditional teaching strategy was treated as the comparative group. The results, which were evaluated immediately after the class, showed that the web-based interactive situational teaching enhanced the students' competency in ethical reasoning and problem solving compared to traditional teaching.<br /><br /> This study followed the previous study and aimed to compare the effects of the learning transfer between the two groups in clinical performance as reflected in their internship scores, clinical practice, and self-efficacy assessment. It also explored the factors influencing this transfer.<br /><br /> A predictive correlation-based research design was adopted to compare the students' internship scorsing students' clinical performance is affected by multiple factors and is not solely determined by the curriculum or teaching strategies. The degree of instructor support during the internship process significantly affected the students' self-efficacy in clinical performance.<br /><br /> The number of intentional mass casualty incidents (IMCI) has increased in recent years, and hemorrhage control is one of the important life-saving techniques used in these events.<br /><br /> The objective of this study is to understand the perceptions and experiences of nursing students subjected to a simulated intentional mass-casualty incident after receiving a training action within their curriculum, focused on how to respond to active threats and bleeding control.<br /><br /> A qualitative phenomenological study on nursing students (n=74) enrolled in the Nursing Care for Critical Patients course, facing a simulated IMCI in November 2019.<br /><br /> A total of 7 focus groups were performed, containing 8 to 12 participants each.<br /><br /> Participants reported a feeling of vulnerability and fear of an IMCI occurrence. Based on this context, the participants reported not knowing how to react to this type of situation, which is why training activities such as this one is seen as a way of improving participants' self-protection and safety. Likewise, a simulated IMCI is considered useful for any citizen and as a training exercise for life-saving techniques, such as hemorrhage control.