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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an estimated prevalence of 10-15% in children and 2-10% in adults. Clinically, there is notable phenotypic variability driven by a complex interaction between genetics, immune function, and the environment. Impairment of the skin barrier plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. The apparent beneficial effect of sunlight in patients with atopic eczema is questioned due to its capacity to disrupt the skin barrier and generate free radicals that can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA. The sum of the external factors that an individual is exposed to throughout their lifetime is termed the exposome. Environmental factors such as sun exposure, temperature, and humidity contribute to both AD flares and regional prevalence variation. Literature on photoprotection in atopic dermatitis is very scarce. The use of adequate sunscreens in atopic dermatitis can ensure the level of photoprotection required to prevent skin photoaging and skin cancer and to mitigate skin barrier dysfunction, decrease inflammation, and neutralize facial redness. Herein we discuss and review the role of UV radiation and the exposome in the etiology of AD, as well as the role of adequate photoprotection.<br /><br /> The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of glucagon-like peptide1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on clinical and safety outcomes including glycemic control and cardiometabolic indicators using network meta-analysis.<br /><br /> MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through June30, 2019. Randomized clinical trials comparing one or more of six eligible GLP-1RAs with placebo or another eligible GLP-1RA were identified. We further screened studies that had 24-30 week follow-up periods and target endpoints. The primary outcome was change in hemoglobinA<br /><br /> (HbA<br /><br /> ). Secondary outcomes included additional glycemic control indicators, cardiometabolic measures, and adverse events. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ldc203974-imt1b.html click here] Frequentist random-effect network meta-analyses were conducted for effect comparison.<br /><br /> The NMA synthesized evidence from 54 studies covering 23,209 patients and 18 GLP-1RA regimens. All included GLP-1RA regimens except liraglutide 0.3mg once weekly (QW) significantly lowered HbA<br /><br /> after 24-30weeks compared with placebo. The pairwise comparison of HbA<br /><br /> -lowering effect showed that dulaglutide 0.75mg QW, dulaglutide 1.5mg QW, exenatide 2mg QW, liraglutide 0.9mg QW, liraglutide 1.2mg QW, liraglutide 1.8mg QW, loxenatide 100µg QW, and loxenatide 200µg QW were not significantly outperformed by any of the other regimens. The effects on blood pressure, weight, and lipids were relatively mixed. The GLP-1RA regimens had comparable safety profiles with regard to hypoglycemia and adverse events.<br /><br /> Regimens of GLP-1RAs had differential glycemic control and cardiometabolic effectiveness. Policymaking and patient-centric clinical decisions should take into consideration the comparative effectiveness profiles.<br /><br />Regimens of GLP-1RAs had differential glycemic control and cardiometabolic effectiveness. Policymaking and patient-centric clinical decisions should take into consideration the comparative effectiveness profiles.<br /><br /> Repurposing established medicines for a new therapeutic indication potentially has important global and societal impact. The high costs and slow pace of new drug development have increased interest in more cost-effective repurposed drugs, particularly in the cancer arena. The conventional drug development pathway and evidence framework are not designed for drug repurposing and there is currently no consensus on establishing the evidence base before embarking on a large, resource intensive, potential practice changing phase III randomised controlled trial (RCT). Numerous observational studies have suggested a potential role for statins as a repurposed drug for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, and we review the strength of the cumulative evidence here.<br /><br /> In the setting of cancer, a potential repurposed drug, like statins, typically goes through a cyclical history, with initial use for several years in another disease setting, prior to epidemiological research identifying a possible chemo-protective effect.epidemiological research identifying a possible chemo-protective effect. However, further information is required, including review of RCT data in the initial disease setting with exploration of cancer outcomes. Additionally, more contemporary methods should be considered, such as Mendelian randomization and pharmaco-epidemiological research with "target" trial design emulation using electronic health records. Pre-clinical and traditional observational data potentially support the role of statins in the treatment of cancer; however, randomised trial evidence is not supportive. Evaluation of contemporary methods provides little added support for the use of statin therapy in cancer. We provide complementary evidence of alternative study designs to enable a robust critical appraisal from a number of sources of the go/no-go decision for a prospective phase III RCT of statins in the treatment of cancer.Bacon Ke, who did pioneering research on the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis, was born in China on July 26, 1920, and currently, he is living in a senior home in San Francisco, California, and is a centenarian. To us, this is a very happy and unique occasion to honor him. After providing a brief account of his life, and a glimpse of his research in photosynthesis, we present here "messages" for Bacon Ke@ 100 from Robert Alfano (USA), Charles Arntzen (USA), Sandor Demeter (Hungary), Richard A. Dilley (USA), John Golbeck (USA), Isamu Ikegami (Japan), Ting-Yun Kuang (China), Richard Malkin (USA), Hualing Mi (China), Teruo Ogawa (Japan), Yasusi Yamamoto (Japan), and Xin-Guang Zhu (China).<br /><br /> Information on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) voluntarily submitted by patients can be a valuable source of information for improving drug safety; however, public awareness of reporting mechanisms remains low. Whilst methods to automatically detect ADR mentions from social media posts using text mining techniques have been proposed to improve reporting rates, it is unclear how acceptable these would be to social media users.<br /><br /> The objective of this study was to explore public opinion about using automated methods to detect and report mentions of ADRs on social media to enhance pharmacovigilance efforts.<br /><br /> Users of the online health discussion forum HealthUnlocked participated in an online survey (N = 1359) about experiences with ADRs, knowledge of pharmacovigilance methods, and opinions about using automated data mining methods to detect and report ADRs. To further explore responses, five qualitative focus groups were conducted with 20 social media users with long-term health conditions.<br /><br /> Participant responses indicated a low awareness of pharmacovigilance methods and ADR reporting.