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Furthermore, with the inclusion of the ALVI, the NRI value was 0.14 and the IDI value was 0.14; these improvements were also statistically significant. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/isrib.html learn more] CONCLUSION The ALVI is a more accurate and more explicitly defined marker of VV than the EI and assesses ventricular enlargement effectively. We suggest that ventricular enlargement of the healthy elderly be defined by ALVI &gt; 0.50.PURPOSE Recent randomized-controlled clinical trials have provided preliminary evidence for expanding the time window of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients by applying certain neuroimaging criteria. We prospectively assessed the potential eligibility for IVT in the extended time window (4.5-9&nbsp;h) among consecutive AIS patients treated in a comprehensive stroke center during a nine-month period. METHODS Potential eligibility for IVT in the extended time window was evaluated by using inclusion criteria from the EXTEND trial. All patients were underwent baseline emergent neurovascular imaging using either computed tomography angiography/computed tomography perfusion (CTA/CTP) or magnetic resonance angiography/magnetic resonance perfusion (MRA/MRP). Images were post processed by the automated software RAPID. RESULTS Our study population consisted of 317 AIS patients, and, among them, 31 (9.8&nbsp;%) patients were presented in the time window of 4.5-9&nbsp;h. Seven patients (2.2&nbsp;%) fulfilled the EXTEND neuroimaging criteria. Four patients (1.3&nbsp;%) were treated with IVT because they fulfilled both clinical and neuroimaging EXTEND criteria. Patients eligible for EXTEND neuroimaging criteria had no ischemic core lesion, whereas the mean volume of critical hypoperfusion was relatively small (17.0 ± 11.8&nbsp;ml). There was no hemorrhagic complication in any of the patients treated with IVT. The median mRS score at three months was 0 (range 0-3) among patients who were eligible for EXTEND neuroimaging criteria. CONCLUSION Our everyday clinical practice experience suggests 9.8&nbsp;% of consecutive AIS patients present in the 4.5-9&nbsp;h window and 2.2&nbsp;% adhere to EXTEND neuroimaging eligibility criteria for IVT. Only 1.3% of AIS is eligible for IVT according to EXTEND neuroimaging and clinical eligibility criteria.Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system has been used to screen gastric lesions. However, the visualization performance of MCE in the esophagus has not been investigated systematically. String method improved the ability of capsule endoscopy (CE) for esophageal observing; however, the string attachment is complicated and cannot be detached with the CE inside the esophagus. We used a modified string, called detachable string attached to MCE. The aim of the study was to compare the observation performance of MCE with and without the detachable string. A total of 238 participants with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and a healthy check who refused esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination were retrospectively divided into the detachable string MCE group and the MCE alone group from June 2016 to May 2018. A suction cap with a thin, hollow string was attached to the MCE system in the detachable string group. Circumferential visualization of the esophagus including the upper, middle, and lower esophagusional Society for Diseases of the Esophagus. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.Clustering is central to many data-driven bioinformatics research and serves a powerful computational method. In particular, clustering helps at analyzing unstructured and high-dimensional data in the form of sequences, expressions, texts and images. Further, clustering is used to gain insights into biological processes in the genomics level, e.g. clustering of gene expressions provides insights on the natural structure inherent in the data, understanding gene functions, cellular processes, subtypes of cells and understanding gene regulations. Subsequently, clustering approaches, including hierarchical, centroid-based, distribution-based, density-based and self-organizing maps, have long been studied and used in classical machine learning settings. In contrast, deep learning (DL)-based representation and feature learning for clustering have not been reviewed and employed extensively. Since the quality of clustering is not only dependent on the distribution of data points but also on the learned representation, deep neural networks can be effective means to transform mappings from a high-dimensional data space into a lower-dimensional feature space, leading to improved clustering results. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art DL-based approaches for cluster analysis that are based on representation learning, which we hope to be useful, particularly for bioinformatics research. Further, we explore in detail the training procedures of DL-based clustering algorithms, point out different clustering quality metrics and evaluate several DL-based approaches on three bioinformatics use cases, including bioimaging, cancer genomics and biomedical text mining. We believe this review and the evaluation results will provide valuable insights and serve a starting point for researchers wanting to apply DL-based unsupervised methods to solve emerging bioinformatics research problems. © The authors 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. All rights reserved.The use of machine learning (ML) has become prevalent in the genome engineering space, with applications ranging from predicting target site efficiency to forecasting the outcome of repair events. However, jargon and ML-specific accuracy measures have made it hard to assess the validity of individual approaches, potentially leading to misinterpretation of ML results. This review aims to close the gap by discussing ML approaches and pitfalls in the context of CRISPR gene-editing applications. Specifically, we address common considerations, such as algorithm choice, as well as problems, such as overestimating accuracy and data interoperability, by providing tangible examples from the genome-engineering domain. Equipping researchers with the knowledge to effectively use ML to better design gene-editing experiments and predict experimental outcomes will help advance the field more rapidly. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.