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In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals and policy makers. Copyright © 2020 Indian Journal of Nephrology.Despite legislation on diversity in the workplace, people with disabilities still do not experience the same access to work opportunities as do their counterparts without disabilities. Many employers have been shown to harbor sincere yet ill-founded views about the work-related abilities of people with disabilities; these negative views are often a result of interrelated concerns that permeate the entire employment cycle. In this paper, we provide evidence-based responses to 11 specific concerns that employers have about people with disabilities, from pre-employment and entry experiences to the final dissolution of the employment relationship. At each stage of the employment cycle, we summarize and evaluate the relevant empirical evidence and provide recommendations for organizations committed to creating more effective, equitable, and inclusive workplaces for all individuals. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk3685032.html Selleck GSK3685032] We also suggest avenues for future research. © The Author(s) 2019.Hearing loss is a pervasive global health care burden affecting up to one in every seven persons of whom 90% reside in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional service-delivery models are unable to support and promote accessible and affordable hearing care in these setting. Major barriers include a severe shortage of hearing health care professionals, costs associated with equipment, facilities and treatments, and centralized service-delivery models. Convergence of digital and connectivity revolutions are combining to enable new ways of delivering decentralized audiological services along the entire patient journey using integrated eHealth solutions. eHealth technologies are allowing nonprofessionals in communities (e.g., community health workers) to provide hearing services with point-of-care devices at reduced cost with remote surveillance and support by professionals. A growing body of recent evidence showcases community-based hearing care within an integrated eHealth framework that addresses some of the barriers of traditional service-delivery models at reduced cost. Future research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, must explore eHealth-supported hearing care services from detection through to treatment. © Thieme Medical Publishers.Healthcare services in the United States are difficult to access for at least 10% of our population. Moreover, hearing healthcare services, including hearing aids, are largely inaccessible even for those individuals who may have health insurance and access to healthcare. Humanitarian audiology has been recognized as a means of supplying hearing services and devices to underserved populations around the globe. However, little has been publicized about humanitarian audiology projects taking place in local communities within the United States. This article describes one such project that has been in place in Pittsburgh, PA, for the past 4 years. This service results from collaboration across a collection of healthcare, community service, charitable, and educational organizations. The resources necessary to create similarly sourced services in other U.S. locations are described. Challenges and solutions for this local form of humanitarian audiology are discussed. © Thieme Medical Publishers.International humanitarian programs are one way for individuals within low-income countries to access hearing health care. Faculty and students from the Idaho State University (ISU) Audiology Program have traveled to several locations within less developed countries over the past 15 years. Most recently, the ISU Audiology Program has partnered with Idaho Condor Humanitarian to provide hearing health care services to Peruvian indigenous people. The humanitarian expedition provides medical, dental, and audiology services to rural villages surrounding Cusco, Peru. Each year the ISU Audiology team gathers data on the hearing health care needs of the Peruvian people and fits donated hearing aids. The ISU Audiology team navigates a variety of barriers associated with limited resources to provide quality hearing health care focused on best practice guidelines for the people of Peru. This article highlights the specific needs of the people served, which the team identified and prioritized, as well as initiated a plan for continuing to develop follow-up care and sustainability. © Thieme Medical Publishers.Hearing healthcare outreach in developing countries is ill defined and inundated with sustainability challenges. One method to facilitate sustainable efforts is by training local personnel on certain aspects of hearing healthcare. The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the challenges and successes of an audio-technician training program conducted in various regions throughout Guatemala. A collaboration was created between Healing the Children, Centro de Audicion, the University of Washington, and Gallaudet University to create a learning environment for Guatemalan audio-technicians and audiology graduate students. Administration of the audio-technician training component of this program began in 2008 and continues today. Challenges and successes were identified around five themes (1) audio-technician recruitment and skills upon entering training program; (2) practical and logistical components of clinical training; (3) collaboration and resources for ongoing care; (4) funding for travel, time, and accommodation for personnel involved in training sessions; and (5) cultural differences surrounding our approach to hearing healthcare and training. Approaches to overcome the barriers identified and future directions are discussed. © Thieme Medical Publishers.The goal of humanitarian healthcare is to improve health outcomes and patient quality of life in under-resourced areas. One avenue for improvement may be via interprofessional collaborative practice, which allows providers from multiple specialties to work together to promote positive interventions for the communities they serve. The purpose of this article is to provide a general framework for incorporating interprofessional collaborative practice within a humanitarian audiology project. © Thieme Medical Publishers.As the travel industry continues to grow, so does the creation and proliferation of voluntourism opportunities offered to individuals who want to impact the lives of populations due to adversities or misfortunes of war, weather, or poverty. A more popular form of tourism for individuals to volunteer professional or personal expertise in a chartable manner is often termed "voluntourism." Unquestionably, there is a lure to volunteer for a short-term experience in exotic lands with the hopes of improving living conditions. This article aims to identify how an individual can move from being a well-meaning voluntourist to an engaged and dedicated humanitarian by following professional ethical principles and etiquette behavior. © Thieme Medical Publishers.This paper studies model selection consistency for high dimensional sparse regression when data exhibits both cross-sectional and serial dependency. Most commonly-used model selection methods fail to consistently recover the true model when the covariates are highly correlated. Motivated by econometric and financial studies, we consider the case where covariate dependence can be reduced through the factor model, and propose a consistency strategy named Factor-Adjusted Regularized Model Selection (FarmSelect). By learning the latent factors and idiosyncratic components and using both of them as predictors, FarmSelect transforms the problem from model selection with highly correlated covariates to that with weakly correlated ones via lifting. Model selection consistency, as well as optimal rates of convergence, are obtained under mild conditions. Numerical studies demonstrate the nice finite sample performance in terms of both model selection and out-of-sample prediction. Moreover, our method is flexible in the sense that it pays no price for weakly correlated and uncorrelated cases. Our method is applicable to a wide range of high dimensional sparse regression problems. An R-package FarmSelect is also provided for implementation.Wall surface temperatures are important components of urban climates but are under-sampled by satellite and airborne remote sensing and at the microscale are under-sampled in observational studies. In urban canopy models, they are represented with simplistic geometries. This study examines the effect of microscale (sub-facet) surface structure geometries on wall surface brightness temperature distributions at micro- to neighbourhood scales using mobile sampling traverses of two suburban neighbourhoods with different sub-facet geometries. Visible and thermal imagery were recorded simultaneously and combined and classified to create a database of temperatures with associated geographic and thermal attributes. This study investigates (1) if sub-facet scale geometries affect temperature distributions, (2) if these cause canyon scale biases, and (3) if there are therefore inter-neighbourhood biases. It is shown that sub-facet geometries modify wall surface temperatures predominantly by cooling due to self-shading. Surface-sun geometry thus leads to intra- and inter-neighbourhood temperature differences of several degrees Celsius. The observed effects have important implications for modelling of urban surface temperatures, where simplified geometries may overestimate wall surface temperatures. © The Author(s) 2020.We formally verify the Berlekamp-Zassenhaus algorithm for factoring square-free integer polynomials in Isabelle/HOL. We further adapt an existing formalization of Yun's square-free factorization algorithm to integer polynomials, and thus provide an efficient and certified factorization algorithm for arbitrary univariate polynomials. The algorithm first performs factorization in the prime field GF ( p ) and then performs computations in the ring of integers modulo p k , where both p and k are determined at runtime. Since a natural modeling of these structures via dependent types is not possible in Isabelle/HOL, we formalize the whole algorithm using locales and local type definitions. Through experiments we verify that our algorithm factors polynomials of degree up to 500 within seconds. © The Author(s) 2019.Global exposures to air pollution and cigarette smoke are novel in human evolutionary history and are associated with about 16 million premature deaths per year. We investigate the history of the human exposome for relationships between novel environmental toxins and genetic changes during human evolution in six phases. Phase I With increased walking on savannas, early human ancestors inhaled crustal dust, fecal aerosols, and spores; carrion scavenging introduced new infectious pathogens. Phase II Domestic fire exposed early Homo to novel toxins from smoke and cooking. Phases III and IV Neolithic to preindustrial Homo sapiens incurred infectious pathogens from domestic animals and dense communities with limited sanitation. Phase V Industrialization introduced novel toxins from fossil fuels, industrial chemicals, and tobacco at the same time infectious pathogens were diminishing. Thereby, pathogen-driven causes of mortality were replaced by chronic diseases driven by sterile inflammogens, exogenous and endogenous.