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penalized likelihood reconstruction with18F-NaF PET improves overall IQ in obese patients.<br /><br /> Left-ventricular (LV) strain measurements with the Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) MRI sequence provide accurate estimates of cardiotoxicity damage related to chemotherapy for breast cancer. This study investigated an automated and supervised deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model for LV chamber quantification before strain analysis in DENSE images.<br /><br /> The DeepLabV3 +DCNN with three versions of ResNet-50 backbone was designed to conduct chamber quantification on 42 female breast cancer data sets. The convolutional layers in the three ResNet-50 backbones were varied as non-atrous, atrous and modified, atrous with accuracy improvements like using Laplacian of Gaussian filters. Parameters such as LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and ejection fraction (LVEF) were quantified, and myocardial strains analyzed with the Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM). Myocardial classification was validated with the performance metrics of accuracy, Dice, average perpendicular distance (APD) andd validated for LV chamber quantification and strain analysis in cardiotoxicity detection.<br /><br />A novel deep-learning technique for segmenting DENSE images was developed and validated for LV chamber quantification and strain analysis in cardiotoxicity detection.<br /><br /> To investigate the impact of total variation regularized expectation maximization (TVREM) reconstruction on the image quality of <br /><br /> Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using phantom and patient data.<br /><br /> Images of a phantom with small hot sphere inserts and 20 prostate cancer patients were acquired with a digital PET/CT using list-mode and reconstructed with ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and TVREM with seven penalisation factors between 0.01 and 0.42 for 2 and 3 minutes-per-bed (m/b) acquisition. The contrast recovery (CR) and background variability (BV) of the phantom, image noise of the liver, and SUV<br /><br /> of the lesions were measured. Qualitative image quality was scored by two radiologists using a 5-point scale (1-poor, 5-excellent).<br /><br /> The performance of CR, BV, and image noise, and the gain of SUV<br /><br /> was higher for TVREM 2 m/b groups with the penalization of 0.07 to 0.28 compared to OSEM 3 m/b group (all <br /><br /> &lt; 0.05). The image noise of OSEM 3 m/b group was equivalent to TVREM 2 and 3 m/b groups with a penalization of 0.14 and 0.07, while lesions' SUV<br /><br /> increased 15 and 20%. The highest qualitative score was attained at the penalization of 0.21 (3.30 ± 0.66) for TVREM 2 m/b groups and the penalization 0.14 (3.80 ± 0.41) for 3 m/b group that equal to or greater than OSEM 3 m/b group (2.90 ± 0.45, <br /><br /> = 0.2 and <br /><br /> &lt; 0.001).<br /><br /> TVREM improves lesion contrast and reduces image noise, which allows shorter acquisition with preserved image quality for PSMA PET/CT.<br /><br /> TVREM reconstruction with optimized penalization factors can generate higher quality PSMA-PET images for prostate cancer diagnosis.<br /><br />TVREM reconstruction with optimized penalization factors can generate higher quality PSMA-PET images for prostate cancer diagnosis.<br /><br /> In 2016, Kaiser Permanente Northern California began regionalizing testicular cancer care using population-based tumor board review. This mixed methods evaluation describes implementation outcomes and learnings.<br /><br /> We conducted in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, administered surveys to local oncologists and urologists, and used clinical data to evaluate changes in care delivery during 2015-2018.<br /><br /> An average of 135 patients with testicular cancer were diagnosed each year. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nsc697923.html Selleckchem NSC697923] Interviews with 16 key stakeholders provided several insights. Implementation resulted in high levels of satisfaction, was dependent on leadership and staff at various levels, and required technology and consulting solutions aligned to user agreements and clinical workflows. Of 123 local oncologists and urologists who completed surveys, 97% understood why care was regionalized and 89% agreed that tumor board review improved treatment decisions. Among 177 patients with stage I seminoma, the percentage appropriately observed rather than treated with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy increased from 48% (95% CI, 35 to 62) in 2015 to 87% (75 to 99) in 2018. Review altered care based on pathology and radiology re-review in 14.5 % of cases.<br /><br /> Regionalization was feasible and effective.<br /><br />Regionalization was feasible and effective.<br /><br /> Chromosomal aberration and DNA copy number change are robust hallmarks of cancer. The gold standard for detecting copy number changes in tumor cells is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using locus-specific probes that are imaged as fluorescent spots. However, spot counting often does not perform well on solid tumor tissue sections due to partially represented or overlapping nuclei.<br /><br /> To overcome these challenges, we have developed a computational approach called FrenchFISH, which comprises a nuclear volume correction method coupled with two types of Poisson models either a Poisson model for improved manual spot counting without the need for control probes or a homogeneous Poisson point process model for automated spot counting.<br /><br /> We benchmarked the performance of FrenchFISH against previous approaches using a controlled simulation scenario and tested it experimentally in 12 ovarian carcinoma FFPE-tissue sections for copy number alterations at three loci (c-Myc, hTERC, and SE7). FrenchFISH outperformed standard spot counting with 74% of the automated counts having &lt; 1 copy number difference from the manual counts and 17% having &lt; 2 copy number differences, while taking less than one third of the time of manual counting.<br /><br /> FrenchFISH is a general approach that can be used to enhance clinical diagnosis on sections of any tissue by both speeding up and improving the accuracy of spot count estimates.<br /><br />FrenchFISH is a general approach that can be used to enhance clinical diagnosis on sections of any tissue by both speeding up and improving the accuracy of spot count estimates.<br /><br /> To understand trends, pathways, and experiences and to establish a framework for radiation oncology (RO) programs interested in developing global health (GH) initiatives.<br /><br /> An in-depth interview was conducted of all US RO programs with established GH initiatives. Programs were identified by reviewing results of the 2018 Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Global Health Resident Survey and individualized outreach to screen for additional programs meeting the following criteria (1) active resident involvement in RO-specific GH opportunities, (2) active faculty involvement in these initiatives, and (3) department chair or program director awareness and support for ongoing opportunities. Among 88 residency programs, 11 were identified. Standardized questions explored the type of initiative, planning, staff and resident involvement, challenges, components to success, and history of programs through December 2018.<br /><br /> Between 2010 and 2018, 11 programs started initiatives. Total resident participants ran among US programs.<br /><br />RO GH initiatives were reported as positive, educational, and feasible across 11 US residency programs. Growth is expected, representing opportunities for innovation and service among US programs.<br /><br /> This study examined associations of discrimination, social support, and their interaction, with internalizing symptoms among Asian-Pacific Islander (API) sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults in the U.S.<br /><br /> Analyses included data from 544 participants who completed an online survey, including measures of three internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression, and somatization), five forms of discrimination (racism, heterosexism/cisgenderism, and three forms of intersectional discrimination), and two types of social support (acceptance for sexual/gender identity, general social support).<br /><br /> All forms of discrimination were positively associated with all internalizing symptoms, with the strongest associations with somatization symptoms; further, acceptance for sexual/gender identity was negatively associated with all internalizing symptoms. Overall social support did not buffer associations of discrimination with internalizing symptoms. Positive associations between discrimination and symptoms were generally stronger at higher social support levels, and social support had weaker negative associations with internalizing symptoms at higher discrimination levels.<br /><br /> Findings suggest the importance of increasing sexual/gender identity-specific social support, attending to somatization symptoms as an important manifestation of discrimination and reducing societal discrimination to address mental health needs of API SGM adults in the U.S. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br />Findings suggest the importance of increasing sexual/gender identity-specific social support, attending to somatization symptoms as an important manifestation of discrimination and reducing societal discrimination to address mental health needs of API SGM adults in the U.S. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> The current study examined the psychometric properties of the American Identity Questionnaire (Phinney &amp; Devich-Navarro, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1997, 7, 3). American identity has been associated with societal and personal benefits for ethno-racially diverse populations, but limited research has assessed whether American identity measures function equivalently across members of different groups. Thus, the current study examined the measurement equivalence and construct validity of the American Identity Questionnaire among Black, Latino, and White adolescents.<br /><br /> Using a cross-sectional design, adolescents completed self-administered surveys during regular school time. The current study included U.S.-born adolescents (N = 1,326; M age = 16.16 years; SD = 1.12; 53% female) who self-identified as either Black (n = 315), Latino (n = 345), or White (n = 666).<br /><br /> Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using ethnic-racial group membership as the grouping variable. Findings suggested ons between American identity and other constructs with samples of Black, Latino, and White adolescents. Mean-level comparisons across the three groups may also be possible. Construct validity results indicated that American identity was positively associated with adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> This qualitative investigation examined how Black emerging adults cope with their worst experiences of racism at multiple levels (individual, cultural, and institutional).<br /><br /> A sample of 189 Black emerging adults (M age = 19.34, 68.3% female) from a predominantly White institution completed an online questionnaire with an open-ended question regarding their worst experience of racism and how they coped. Responses to these questions were coded using deductive coding schemes based on established theory-Jones' (1997) tripartite model of racism and Harrell's (2000) typology of coping.<br /><br /> Results indicated that the majority of participants utilized active and inner-directed coping strategies in response to their worst experience. More participants responded to institutional-level racism with active rather than passive coping. There were no differences in proportions of participants who responded to individual- or cultural-level racism with active rather than passive coping. Similar proportions of participants also reported inner-directed versus outer-directed coping in response to individual-, cultural-, and institutional-level experiences.