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The purpose of this study was to compare moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with walking in terms of the association with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults.<br /><br /> A total of 1,388 older adults (age≥65 years) from the Korea National Health And Nutrition Examine Survey 2018 were included in this study. MVPA time and walking time per week were used as physical activity variables and blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride were used as metabolic syndrome components. Partial correlation, analysis of covariance, and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption.<br /><br /> High-density lipoprotein was significantly higher in the MVPA low/walking high and MVPA high/walking high group compared to the MVPA low/walking low group. Triglyceride was significantly lower in the MVPA high/walking high group compared to MVPA low/walking low and MVPA low/walking high group. If MVPA was less than 150 min/week the likelihoods to have abnormal blood pressure and metabolic syndrome were 1.8 times and 1.9 times higher than MVPA more than 150 min/week, respectively. If walking was less than 180 min/week the likelihood to have abnormal high-density lipoprotein was 1.3 times higher than walking more than 180 min/week.<br /><br /> Not only MVPA but also walking is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults. Considering the preference and exercise barriers among older adults, walking should be considered as an essential component of the physical activity guideline to prevent chronic diseases in older adults.<br /><br />Not only MVPA but also walking is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome components in Korean older adults. Considering the preference and exercise barriers among older adults, walking should be considered as an essential component of the physical activity guideline to prevent chronic diseases in older adults.<br /><br /> Secondhand smoke is an issue that cannot be ignored due to its various negative effects. Especially, secondhand smoke inside the household is an area where health policy must pay attention as it can affect all age groups. This study aims to identify the factors associated with smoking inside the household focusing on socioeconomic status in Korea.<br /><br /> We used data from the Community Health Survey of 2017 and a total of 33,462 participated in the study. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS version 25.0 to conduct binary logistic regression analysis.<br /><br /> Results indicated that indoor smoking had a significant association with socioeconomic status. This association was more marked in those participants who had low household income or those with elementary school education level or less. Furthermore, the study indicates that when the smoker is a woman, older, has higher stress, and is a heavier smoker, the probability of her smoking inside the house is higher.<br /><br /> Based on the results, it is meaningful that this study has found the factors of smoking inside household. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/avelumab.html Avelumab concentration] The result identify the factors associated with indoor smoking at home, and it can be used as baseline data for developing new smoking cessation policies.<br /><br />Based on the results, it is meaningful that this study has found the factors of smoking inside household. The result identify the factors associated with indoor smoking at home, and it can be used as baseline data for developing new smoking cessation policies.With the overspread use of measurement of serum levels of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM), new therapeutic strategies have been used in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). Different targets are correlated with increased levels of circulating drugs. Recent evidence demonstrated that higher serum levels of anti-TNF agents may be associated to better outcomes in perianal fistulizing CD (PFCD). Overall, patients with healed fistulas had higher serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab as compared to those with active drainage. This was demonstrated in some cohort studies, in induction and maintenance, in adults and children with PFCD. In this narrative review, authors summarize current evidence on the use of serum level measurement of anti-TNF agents and its correlation with perianal fistula healing in CD patients. Data on the use of TDM in PFCD is discussed in detail. The retrospective design of the studies and the lack of objective parameters to measure fistula healing are the main limitations of published data. Prospective studies, with central reading of objective radiological parameters, such as pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scores, can improve the level of evidence on the possible advantages of TDM in perianal fistula in CD and are warranted.<br /><br /> Predictors of short-term outcome of intravenous (IV) steroid therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) have been well described, but the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a predictor of outcome remains debatable. We investigated the role of quantitative CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a predictor of short-term outcome in patients with ASUC.<br /><br /> Consecutive patients with ASUC satisfying Truelove and Witts criteria hospitalized at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) from May 2016 to July 2019 were included; all received IV steroid. The primary outcome measure was steroid-failure defined as the need for rescue therapy (with ciclosporin or infliximab) or colectomy during admission. AIIMS' index (ulcerative colitis index of severity &gt; 6 at day 1+fecal calprotectin &gt; 1,000 μg/g at day 3), with quantitative CMV PCR on biopsy samples obtained at initial sigmoidoscopy were correlated with the primary outcome.<br /><br /> Thirty of 76 patients (39%) failed IV corticosteroids and 12 (16%) underwent surgery. Patients with steroid failure had a significantly higher mucosal CMV DNA than responders (3,454 copies/mg [0-2,700,000] vs. 116 copies/mg [0-27,220]; P&lt; 0.01). On multivariable analysis, mucosal CMV DNA load &gt; 2,000 copies/mg (odds ratio [OR], 10.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-39.7; P&lt; 0.01) and AIIMS' index (OR, 39.8; 95% CI, 4.4-364.4; P&lt; 0.01) were independent predictors of steroid-failure and need for colectomy. The combination correctly predicted outcomes in 84% of patients with ASUC.<br /><br /> High mucosal CMV DNA ( &gt; 2,000 copies/mg) independently predicts failure of IV corticosteroids and short-term risk of colectomy and it has an additional value to the established markers of disease severity in patients with ASUC.<br /><br /> 2,000 copies/mg) independently predicts failure of IV corticosteroids and short-term risk of colectomy and it has an additional value to the established markers of disease severity in patients with ASUC.