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In this study, we utilized a hierarchical multilevel modeling approach to test the hypothesis that the activity of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl against the cosmopolitan serious secondary pest of stored products, the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae), is affected by temperature, relative humidity (RH), and developmental stage (adults, small larvae, large larvae). Our results showed that as temperature increased from 20 to 25 °C, the observed mortality of T. molitor was significantly higher. Furthermore, mortality at 25 °C did not significantly differ from that of 30 °C. An ultimate increase at 35 °C resulted in the highest mortality rate of T. molitor. However, an increase of RH from 55 to 75% adversely affected the efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl. In our study, it is also shown that the insect developmental stage is a critical feature of pirimiphos-methyl efficacy. Tenebrio molitor adults exhibited significantly higher mortality than larvae. In addition, small larvae showed significantly higher mortality than large larvae. Thus, adult is the most susceptible developmental stage of T. molitor to pirimiphos-methyl treatment. Our results could be useful tools for the management of T. molitor by indicating the optimum combination of temperature and RH that favors the insecticidal treatment against this species. In addition, we expect that the percentage of developmental stages in a whole population of T. molitor affects the insecticidal efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl.Biochar has been applied widely as an amendment in the remediation of contaminated soil to immobilize the heavy metals. However, the role of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation modified biochar derived from the residues of phytoremediation plants in the contaminated soil not investigated yet. In this study, the UV-modified biochars were obtained from Brassica napus L. and Lolium perenne L. by pyrolysis at 600 °C. They were applied in a pot experiment to investigate their effect on Cd bioavailability and uptake in Coriandrum sativum L. in a Cd-contaminated soil at four addition rate (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%). The results showed that the Cd was effectively stabilized in the biochar with environmentally acceptable leaching toxicity. The specific surface area and carboxyl functional group of biochar were greatly increased after UV modification. The application of biochar progressively increased the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Furthermore, the CaCl2-extractable Cd was significantly reduced by 18.4-51.4% with biochar amendments. The concentration of Cd in shoots and roots was significantly reduced by biochars. In conclusion, the UV-modified biochar obtained from phytoremediation residue could effectively deal with hazardous waste and repair Cd-contaminated soil.Rapid and large scale construction activities consume significant resources and make impacts on the environment. To support policy for emission reduction and route of low-carbon society development, this paper estimated building stocks and building embodied carbon emissions (BECEs) in China's 31 provinces from 1997 to 2016 by material flow analysis (MFA). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ms4078.html MS4078 mouse] Furthermore, global and local Moran's indices were employed to investigate the geographical clustering patterns, and temporal and spatial decomposition models were proposed to identify the driving forces. The results reveal the total BECEs has boomed from 9.67 billion tons in 1997 to 28.99 billion tons in 2016. BECEs in 31 provinces have experienced consistent increase but obvious differences in growth rate, and are spatially inclined to decrease from eastern coastal regions to western inland regions. The change of spatial agglomeration pattern is complex and variable. It presents that a long and narrow "H-L agglomeration" is located in the two northernmost provinces and the other 29 provinces enforce a sequence arrangement with an order of "H-H", "L-H", "H-L", and "L-L" from east to west. Temporal decomposition results show that investment scale, economic level, and population density are the main driving forces for the increase of BECEs from both national and provincial levels, while the main reasons for the decrease are technical level and return on investment. Spatial decomposition results demonstrate that population density and provincial area are the main driving forces for the difference between provincial and national average, and others cause the difference among provinces.Dredged mud is a kind of construction material that can be reused as waste. It needs to be dehydrated before it is used. At present, plate and frame pressure filtration (hereafter referred to as PFP) using lime for conditioning after flocculation is widely employed. The addition of lime causes the mud cake to exhibit a high pH, and reduces its subsequent use. In response to this problem, this study examines the mechanism of lime in the PFP and identifies neutral alternative materials according to this principle. British kaolin-modified mud and dredged Taihu mud were treated with lime and various conditioners, and the size and specific resistance (hereafter referred to as SRF) of the floc were measured to evaluate the mud's properties, the compressibility index of the mud layer, the dewatering effect of the PFP, and the properties of the cake. The results showed that lime ensures the filtration speed in the pumping-filtering phase by increasing floc stiffness and reducing the compressibility of the layer, so that continuous drainage can achieve a high-pressure filtration efficiency. SAC can basically achieve the same pressure filtration principle and dewatering effect as lime under conditions in which the pH of the mud cake is close to neutral.Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are released daily into surface water, and their recalcitrant properties often require tertiary treatment. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is often used as an alternative way to eliminate these compounds from water, although the literature barely addresses the neurotoxic effects of residual by-products. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of EO in the removal of five CECs (alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, and carbamazepine) and performed neurotoxicity evaluations of residual EO by-products in Wistar rat brain hippocampal slices. Platinum-coated titanium (Ti/Pt) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were studied as anodes. Different current densities (13-75 A m-2), pH values (3-10), electrolyte dosages (NaCl), and matrix effects were assessed using municipal wastewater (MWW). The drugs were successfully degraded after 5 min of reaction for both the Ti/Pt and BDD electrodes when a current density of 75 A m-2 was applied. For Ti/Pt and BDD, neutral and acidic pH demonstrated better CEC removal performance, respectively.