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The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure is generally performed in patients with high comorbidity. We aimed to reduce the consumption of propofol by adding lidocaine before ERCP.<br /><br /> Eighty ERCP patients with ASA I-III, aged between 45-75years, were randomly divided into two groups. Lidocaine group (group L, n=40), received 1-mg midazolam, 1.5mg/kg lidocaine, and 1mg/kg propofol intravenously. The control group (group C, n=40) received 1-mg midazolam, saline in the same volume as the lidocaine group, and 1mg/kg propofol intravenously. Propofol was administered with intermittent bolus doses. Propofol consumption, oropharyngeal reflex, recovery time, endoscopist satisfaction, ketamine need, and side-effects were recorded.<br /><br /> Propofol consumption during the procedure was statistically lower in group L than in the control group (157.25±39.16mg vs 228.75±64.62mg respectively, P&lt;0.001). Additionally, recovery time was statistically faster in group L compared with the control group (7.78±3.95min vs 11.92±3.24min respectively, P&lt;0.001). The oropharyngeal reflex was less in group L than control group (6/40 vs 15/40 respectively, P=0.042). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding visual analogue scale scores and endoscopist satisfaction (P&gt;0.05).<br /><br /> We recommend the use of intravenous lidocaine before the ERCP procedure as it reduces propofol consumption, recovery times, and oropharyngeal reflex.<br /><br />We recommend the use of intravenous lidocaine before the ERCP procedure as it reduces propofol consumption, recovery times, and oropharyngeal reflex.Although people living with human immunodeficiency virus and other comorbidities are expected to experience more grievous consequences with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), recent cohort studies did not indicate this. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alpha-naphthoflavone.html this website] Antiretrovirals (ARVs) might have a prophylactic role in these patients. The purpose of this study was to review the most recently published articles on the possible role of ARVs for pre- or postexposure prophylaxis against COVID-19. From June to October 2020, we searched scientific databases using specific key words to identify ongoing trials or articles published before October 2020 investigating any subgroups of ARVs for prophylaxis against COVID-19. Apart from molecular docking studies, in vitro, animal, and human studies are very limited for evaluating the prophylactic role of ARVs against severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. According to our findings, there is no definite evidence to support use of protease inhibitors for this purpose, despite the promising results of molecular studies and limited clinical evidence for ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, darunavir, and nelfinavir when used early in the course of the disease. Nucleotide/nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) also have shown binding affinity to main enzymes of SARS-CoV-2 in molecular, in vitro, and animal studies. NRTIs like tenofovir and emtricitabine might exhibit a prophylactic role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, currently there is no evidence to justify the use of ARVs for prophylaxis against COVID-19.<br /><br /> While the global prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) is increasing, there is much regional variation, and local data are required to guide eradication therapy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine rates of H.pylori antibiotic resistance in Australia and New Zealand.<br /><br /> Random effects meta-analysis of data from 15 published studies and three published abstracts reporting prevalence of primary or secondary H.pylori antibiotic resistance in Australasia.<br /><br /> PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PROSPERO, and the Cochrane Library were searched until August, 2020.<br /><br /> Fifteen published studies and three published abstracts were identified; one study was excluded due to high risk of bias. Seventeen studies conducted between 1996 and 2013 were included in the final analysis, 12 reporting primary and five reporting secondary antibiotic resistance. Prevalence of primary resistance was clarithromycin 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3-9.7%), metronidazole 50.0% (95%CI, 23.9ine, and fluoroquinolones is low. Rates of secondary resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin are high. The results highlight the need for contemporary local data on antibiotic resistance in Australia and New Zealand.<br /><br /> Propofol is effective in sedation for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. However, the optimum dose is ill-defined. This study aimed to estimate the effective dose of propofol mono-sedation for successful endoscope insertion in healthy, non-obese Chinese adults undergoing single UGI endoscopy.<br /><br /> Twenty-six adult patients undergoing elective single UGI endoscopy were enrolled in this study. A modified Dixon's up-and-down method was utilized to assess the effective dose of propofol for successful endoscope insertion. The initial dose of propofol administered, 1.6mg/kg, was adjusted with 0.1mg/kg as a step size. The patient's responses to endoscope insertion were classified as either 'movement' or 'no movement'. When patient's responses were changed from 'movement' to 'no movement' or from 'no movement' to 'movement', a crossover was defined. After eight crossovers had been obtained, patient recruitment was stopped. The mean of midpoints of all crossovers obtained by the modified Dixon's up-and-down methodfor successful endoscope insertion is 1.89 ± 0.12 mg/kg.<br /><br /> To characterize relationships between apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) exposure and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and covariate effects following CSL112 (apoA-I [human]) administration in an integrated population including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.<br /><br /> A pharmacometric analysis utilized data from seven clinical trials, including patients with AMI, subjects with renal impairment and healthy subjects. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed to relate CSL112 doses to changes in apoA-I plasma concentrations. Covariate analysis was conducted to identify sources of variability in apoA-I exposure. Exposure-response modeling was conducted to describe the relationship between apoA-I exposure and total or ATP binding cassette transporter A1-(ABCA1)-dependent CEC and to identify clinical predictors of CEC.<br /><br /> A two-compartment model described apoA-I PK. ApoA-I clearance was slightly lower in subjects with AMI, whereas baseline apoA-I was marginally higher in female and Japanese subjects.