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OBJECTIVES Within the large topic of naming disorders, an important and separated chapter belongs to proper names. Defects of proper naming could be a selective linguistic problem. Sometimes, it includes names belonging to various kinds of semantically unique entities, but other times, it has been observed for famous people proper names only. According to Bruce and Young's model, different stages allow to recognize, identify, and name famous people from their faces and voices, subsuming different anatomical pathways, both in right temporal lobe, and their different efficiency in this task. The present study aimed to report the normative data concerning the naming of the same famous people from voice and face. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-three normal subjects underwent a test in which they were requested to name famous people from their face and from their voice. The stimuli belonged to the previously published Famous People Recognition Battery. RESULTS The mean percentage score on naming from face was 84.42 ± 12.03% (range 55.26-100%) and the mean percentage score on naming from voice was 66.04 ± 16.81% (range 28.13-100%). The difference observed in performance by face and by voice resulted significant (t|153&nbsp;= 15.973; p&nbsp; less then  0.001). Regression analyses showed that the percentage score obtained on naming from faces was predicted by education, whereas naming from voice was predicted by education and gender. DISCUSSION Naming from voice is more difficult than from face, confirming a different difficulty of the two tasks. Education showed high predicting value for faces and less for voices, whereas gender contributed to predict results only for voices.Non-native Acacia plantations in Indonesia were first reported to be infested by a native ambrosia beetle species, identified as Euwallacea fornicatus in 1993. Recently the level of infestation in these plantations by ambrosia beetles has steadily increased. The recent redefinition of the taxonomic parameters of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex has resulted in the identity of the ambrosia beetle species in these plantations becoming unclear. This is also true for their obligate fungal associates. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the ambrosia beetle species, as well as its corresponding fungal associate/s, infesting Acacia crassicarpa plantations in Riau, Indonesia. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene, revealed that the beetles are E. perbrevis, previously a synonym of E. fornicatus and commonly referred to as the Tea Shot Hole Borer A (TSHBa). Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the fungal associate of E. perbrevis revealed a Fusarium sp. that is among members of the Ambrosia Fusarium Clade (AFC), but that is genetically distinct from other previously identified Fusarium symbionts of Euwallacea species. This novel fungal species is described here as Fusarium rekanum sp. nov.Three strains originating from insect frass in South Africa, yellow foxglove in Hungary and soil in France, were characterised phenotypically and by sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS)-region of the rRNA gene. The strains have identical D1/D2 domain sequences and only one strain shows a 1&nbsp;bp indel in a 9&nbsp;bp homopolymer A/T repeat within the ITS-region. Based on sequence analysis Hyphopichia burtonii is the closest related species. The investigated strains differ from the type strain of H. burtonii by 1.9% (9 substitutions and an indel) in the D1/D2 domain and by 23 substitutions and 21-22 indels in the ITS-region. Since the sequence variability is very low among the three strains and the sequence divergence with the closely related H. burtonii exceeds the level generally encountered between species we propose the new species Hyphopichia lachancei f.a., sp. nov. to accommodate the three novel strains. From H. burtonii the new species can be distinguished phenotypically by its inability to ferment cellobiose and by the formation of endospores (Holotype CBS 5999T; Isotype NCAIM Y.02228T; MycoBank no. MB833616).BACKGROUND Notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a neuropathic itching condition unilaterally localized in the midscapular area. It is a common but an underdiagnosed disease, and only a few studies investigating NP etiology with a limited number of patients have been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, histopathological, neurological, and radiological findings of NP patients and investigate correlations between them and symptoms of NP to elucidate the etiology of NP. METHODS One hundred and seventeen consecutive patients diagnosed with NP were included and assessed in a multidisciplinary and prospective manner. We recorded demographic and clinical data and obtained a skin biopsy from the pruritic or hyperpigmented region. Pruritus severity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). All patients were evaluated neurologically with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 47.08 ± 12.28 years. The disease was more common in females (87.2%). Statistical analysis revealed that VAS scores were independent of the age, gender, and skin type of the patient. We found no significant difference in VAS scores between NP patients with or without comorbidities. Vertebral pathologies detected by MRI and amyloid deposition revealed in histopathology were not among the main factors affecting VAS scores. [https://www.selleckchem.com/ALK.html ALK inhibitor] STUDY LIMITATION Since consecutive patients enrolled into the study, we could not include equal number of male and female patients. CONCLUSION We found no correlation between symptom severity and findings from neurological and histopathological evaluations. Further microneurological studies should be carried out to elucidate the etiology of NP.The study systematically examined the link between history of gambling, and substance-use and violence-related measures in male and female adolescents, and compared association differences between genders in representative youth risk behavior surveillance data. An anonymous survey was administered to 2425 9th- to 12th-grade students in the state of Connecticut to assess risk behaviors that impact health. Reported past-12-months gambling was the independent variable of interest. Chi squares and adjusted odds-ratios were computed to determine gambling associations with demographic variables, substance-use, and violence-related measures, and whether associations were different between genders. Among students, 18.6% reported gambling. Reported gambling in males and females associated with lifetime use of any drugs, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, heroin, methamphetamines, ecstasy, synthetic marijuana, non-medical pain-relievers, and injected drugs, in addition to past-30-days cigarette smoking, alcohol and heavy alcohol drinking, and marijuana use.