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The positions of ν(N-H) and ν(CO) absorptions are typical of "hydrogen-bonded ordered" bands suggesting the presence of H-bonded groups in network structures characterized by some degree of order or regularity. DSC and TGA analyses showed that the PUs are thermally stable (Td,5% 212-270 °C) and suitable for being processed since their degradation begins at temperatures about 100 °C higher than their Tg or Tm.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic derivatives are organic pollutants that pose a serious health risk to human beings. In this study, a newly isolated Pseudomonas brassicacearum strain MPDS could effectively degrade PAHs and heterocyclic derivatives, including naphthalene, fluorene, dibenzofuran (DBF) and dibenzothiophene (DBT). Notably, strain MPDS is able to degrade fluorene, DBF and DBT uniquely via a lateral dioxygenation pathway, while most reported strains degrade fluorene, DBF and DBT via an angular dioxygenation pathway or co-metabolize them via a lateral dioxygenation pathway. Strain MPDS completely degraded 50 mg naphthalene (in 50 mL medium) in 84 h, and OD600 reached 1.0-1.1; while, it stabilized at OD600 0.5-0.6 with 5 mg fluorene or DBF or DBT. Meanwhile, 65.7% DBF and 32.1% DBT were degraded in 96 h, and 40.3% fluorene was degraded in 72 h, respectively. Through genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and comparative genomic analysis with another DBF degradation strain, relevant gene clusters were predicted, and a naphthalene-degrading gene cluster was identified. This study provides understanding of degradation of PAHs and their heterocyclic derivatives, as well as new insights into the lateral dioxygenation pathway of relevant contaminants.A biorefinery is an efficient approach to generate multiple bio-products from biomass. With the increasing demand for bioenergy and bio-products, biorefineries are essential industrial platforms that provide needed demand while significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A biorefinery consists of various conversion technologies where particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted. The released PM and VOCs pose detrimental health and environmental risks for society. Moreover, the projected rise of global bioenergy demand may lead to an increase in PM and VOCs from biorefineries. With the use of cleaner technologies and approaches, PM and VOCs can be avoided in biorefineries. The study presents the landscape of the research field through a bibliometric review of emissions from a biorefinery. A comprehensive review of works on the reduction of PM and VOCs in a biorefinery is outlined. The study includes a perspective of cleaner technologies and approaches utilized in biorefineries to mitigate these hazardous materials. The results reveal that the employment of life cycle assessment, safety assessment, and green chemistry processes can significantly reduce PM and VOC emissions as well as the consumption of hazardous substances in the biorefinery.Animal slurry storage is an important source of NH3 emission which has raised a high attention regarding its influence on air quality and environment health. There is an urgent need to develop an efficient, green and safe technology for reducing NH3 emission. This study introduced a novel method of reducing NH3 emission from dairy slurry storage using H2SO4 modified expanded vermiculite cover (H2SO4-VM1). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-fitc.html Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate supplier] Results showed that NH3 mitigation of 87% was achieved in the treatment of H2SO4-VM1 during 77 days of slurry storage, which could be mainly caused by conversion of free NH3 to NH4+ in acidified slurry surface and vermiculite layer, the cover barrier for gases emissions, NH4+ adsorption by vermiculite cover, and direct adsorption of free NH3 in the vermiculite layer. The NH3 mitigation of H2SO4-VM1 was comparable to that (90%) of the traditional method of H2SO4 acidification for slurry storage (H2SO4-AC1). The N2O emission, H2S emission, and H2SO4 consumption in H2SO-VM1 were 28, 93 and 39% lower than those in H2SO4-AC1, respectively. Economic cost calculated based on material input in H2SO-VM1 method was 0.40 USD m-2 slurry. It's suggested that H2SO4-VM1 can be a possible alternative for reducing NH3 emissions from animal slurry storage.In situ monitoring of the interactions and properties of pollutant molecules at the aptasensor interface is being a very hot and interesting topic in environmental analysis since its charming molecule level understanding of the mechanism of environmental biosensors. Attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) provides a unique and convenient technique for the in situ analysis, but is not easy for small molecules. Herein, an ATR-SEIRAS platform has been successfully developed to in situ monitor the selective adsorption mechanism of small pollutant molecule atrazine (ATZ) on the aptasensor interface by characteristic N‒H peak of ATZ for the first time. Based on the constructed ATR-SEIRAS platform, a thermodynamics model is established for the selective adsorption of ATZ on the aptasensor interface, described with Langmuir adsorption with a dissociation constant of 1.1 nM. The adsorption kinetics parameters are further obtained with a binding rate constant of 8.08×105 M-1 s-1. A promising and feasible platform has therefore successfully provided for the study of the selective sensing mechanism of small pollutant molecules on biosensors interfaces, further broadening the application of ATR-SEIRAS technology in the field of small pollutant molecules.Understanding the generation and influence mechanism of polychlorinated organic by-products during the catalytic degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) is essential to the safe and environmentally friendly treatment of those pollutants. In this study, a systematic investigation of the catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) was conducted using various oxygen and water contents over a Pd/ZSM-5(25) catalyst. It was found that decreasing the oxygen content and increasing the water content resulted in the improvement of the 1,2-DCB catalytic activity, while the amount and variety of polychlorinated organic by-products decreased. More importantly, when water was the sole oxidant, the Pd/ZSM-5(25) catalyst also demonstrated high activity towards 1,2-DCB catalytic degradation. Only chlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene were detected as by-products. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and UV-vis DRS spectra results indicated that the polychlorinated organic by-products were suppressed mainly due to inhibition of the chlorination of the palladium species by regulating the oxygen and water content in the reaction atmosphere.