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This study aims to develop an Automatic Brain Dose Estimation (ABDE) methodology for head computed tomography examinations. The ABDE is to be applied first to an anthropomorphic Alderson phantom to obtain a Correction factor (Cf) between the ABDE and the direct absorbed brain dose using dosemeters positioned within the anthropomorphic phantom. Then, in order to estimate the correct brain dose for patient, the Cf was multiplied by the mean ABDE values for each patient. Results were compared to those registered with a mathematical simulation phantom using CT-Expo V 2.4 software. Results showed no significant difference between the correct ABDE values and the CT-Expo values with a mean percent difference of 2.54&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.01%. In conclusion, ABDE yields a correct estimation of brain dose, taking into account the size and attenuation of the irradiated region. Thus, it is clinically recommended for accurate patient brain dose assessment. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUND Decreased pectoralis minor muscle length is common after primary breast cancer treatment and can result in an abnormal position of the scapula. This position can contribute to shoulder pain and pathomechanics and can lead to problems such as impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tears, and frozen shoulder. Currently, there are limited reliable methods for measuring pectoralis minor length. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of measuring pectoralis minor length in women diagnosed with breast cancer. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional reliability and validity study. METHODS Bilateral pectoralis minor length (in centimeters) was assessed using a palpation meter in women (N&nbsp;=&nbsp;29) diagnosed with breast cancer by 2 licensed physical therapists who were masked to the measures. Bilateral pectoralis minor length was also measured using a motion capture system to assess validity. RESULTS Intratester reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC [3,k]&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.971;ing pectoralis minor length in women with breast cancer. © 2020 American Physical Therapy Association.BACKGROUND It is recommended that people with gliomas engage in rehabilitation, but high-quality evidence to support this recommendation is lacking. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the effectiveness of a physical therapy- and occupational therapy-based rehabilitation intervention compared with usual rehabilitation care for quality of life (QoL) during active anticancer treatment. DESIGN This study was a randomized controlled trial. SETTING The study took place in Odense University Hospital, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS The trial included people with gliomas who were functionally independent. INTERVENTION The participants were randomly assigned to a supervised rehabilitation intervention or usual rehabilitation care during the active anticancer period. The supervised rehabilitation included physical therapy and occupational therapy-based interventions. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the overall QoL from baseline to the 6-week follow-up. It was self-rated with the global health stathabilitation care. CONCLUSIONS The physical therapy- and occupational therapy-based rehabilitation intervention did not affect GHS/QoL. However, the trial found promising significant effects on both objective and self-reported secondary outcomes, making rehabilitation efforts during active anticancer treatment promising. © 2020 American Physical Therapy Association.Antifungal susceptibility profiles of rare Saccharomycotina yeasts remain missing, even though an increase in prevalence of such rare Candida species was reported in candidemia. Majority of these rare yeast species carry intrinsic resistances against at least one antifungal compound. Some species are known to be cross-resistant (against multiple drugs of the same drug class) or even multi-drug resistant (against multiple drugs of different drug classes). We performed antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) according to EUCAST broth microdilution for 14 rare species (Clavispora lusitaniae, Candida intermedia, Candida auris, Diutina rugosa, Wickerhamiella pararugosa, Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia norvegensis, Candida nivariensis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Candida palmioleophila, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Debaryomyces hansenii) known to cause candidemia. In total, 234 isolates were tested for amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin. Amphothericin B had the broadest efficiency against the 14 tested rare yeast species, while high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against azole drugs and echinocandins were common. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dcemm1.html dcemm1 in vitro] Voriconazole was the most efficient azole drug. Multidrug resistance was observed for the species C. auris and K. marxianus. Multidrug resistant individual isolates were found for Y. lipolytica and M. caribbica. In conclusion, the observed high MIC values of the rare Saccharomycotina species tested limit antifungal treatment options, complicating the management of such infections. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.Electrophysiological recordings have established that GABAergic interneurons regulate excitability, plasticity, and computational function within local neural circuits. Importantly, GABAergic inhibition is focally disrupted around sites of brain injury. However, it remains unclear whether focal imbalances in inhibition/excitation lead to widespread changes in brain activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that focal perturbations in excitability disrupt large-scale brain network dynamics. We used viral chemogenetics in mice to reversibly manipulate parvalbumin interneuron (PV-IN) activity levels in whisker barrel somatosensory cortex. We then assessed how this imbalance affects cortical network activity in awake mice using wide-field optical neuroimaging of pyramidal neuron GCaMP dynamics as well as local field potential recordings. We report 1) that local changes in excitability can cause remote, network-wide effects, 2) that these effects propagate differentially through intra- and interhemispheric connections, and 3) that chemogenetic constructs can induce plasticity in cortical excitability and functional connectivity.