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Research suggests that the overuse of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as avoidance, represents a vulnerability following trauma exposure. Conversely, self-compassion, which impacts emotion regulation through the acceptance of negative emotions, may be an adaptive strategy for managing posttraumatic stress (PTS).<br /><br /> An experimental design was used to examine whether a single-session of self-compassion training improved self-compassion and decreased difficulties in emotion regulation, compared to muscle relaxation training, for trauma-exposed undergraduates.<br /><br /> Findings replicated previous research among these three constructs (PTS, self-compassion, and difficulties with emotion regulation), with relationships found in the expected directions. However, there was not conclusive evidence to suggest that participating in a brief self-compassion intervention was more effective for reducing difficulties with emotion regulation than participating in a muscle relaxation training intervention.<br /><br /> Results supported inverse associations between self-compassion and posttraumatic stress, as well as self-compassion and difficulties with emotion regulation. Future research is needed to investigate how self-compassion skills training can be best utilized to produce clinically significant and long-lasting changes in emotion regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br />Results supported inverse associations between self-compassion and posttraumatic stress, as well as self-compassion and difficulties with emotion regulation. Future research is needed to investigate how self-compassion skills training can be best utilized to produce clinically significant and long-lasting changes in emotion regulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> Individuals who experience interpersonal trauma (e.g., intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and adverse childhood experiences) are disproportionately affected by the opioid epidemic; however, not all will engage in opioid misuse behaviors. Personal resources, such as coping, social support, and self-efficacy, may attenuate the negative effects of trauma and foster resiliency. This study examines how personal resources affect opioid misuse among individuals with a history of interpersonal trauma.<br /><br /> Data were collected from a convenience sample (<br /><br /> = 236) through a cross-sectional, self-report survey. Latent profile analysis identified subgroups with different personal resource profiles based on coping behaviors, social support, and health-related self-efficacy. Logistic regression examined subgroup differences in sociodemographics and opioid misuse behaviors.<br /><br /> Results supported a 3-class (low, moderate, and high personal resource groups) and 4-class model (low, internal, external, and high resource grthe effects of trauma on opioid misuse should consider personal resource profiles, mental health, and effective pain management. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> Advances in implementation science have encouraged novel methods for disseminating and implementing evidence-based treatments. Mental health services offered to trauma-exposed students on college campuses are characterized by unique contextual, developmental, and cultural factors that must be considered to effectively disseminate and implement trauma-focused, evidence-based treatments (TF-EBTs). Informed by novel implementation designs, this project utilized a strategic stakeholder engagement method of creating a learning community to identify and adapt a TF-EBT for use in university counseling centers (UCCs).<br /><br /> Project leads convened campus and community stakeholders included UCC clinicians, administrators, student life professionals, and students, to join researchers in a reciprocal collaboration to work toward dissemination and implementation. These stakeholders participated in a learning community that reviewed, selected, and adapted a TF-EBT and other tools for dissemination and implementation to UCCs or stakeholders to take an active part in adapting a TF-EBT for UCCs and can be utilized in other settings to aid in adoption and utilization of evidence-based treatments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Children and young people in out-of-home care are at a higher risk of suicide than young people not involved with child protection systems. Despite this, there is a lack of evidence of effective suicide prevention interventions for this vulnerable population. We reviewed the types of suicide prevention interventions that have been used and evaluated with children and young people and staff and carers in out-of-home care/child protection systems. We conducted a systematic review of existing literature using PRISMA guidelines. Only five studies met the inclusion criteria. Two evaluated youth-focused interventions emotional intelligence therapy; and multidimensional treatment foster care, while three evaluated adult-focused "gatekeeper training." Youth-focused interventions led to reductions in suicidal thoughts (suicidal ideation), and adult-focused interventions led to increased knowledge, skills, and behaviors such as referring youth to supports. Only one study, one of the youth-focused ones, evaluated the impact of the intervention in terms of suicide attempts but found no reduction. Large numbers of children enter into care with a high risk of suicide. With the considerable overlap between the trauma characteristics and mental health needs of young people in out-of-home care and suicide risk factors in the general population of young people, we recommend developing (and evaluating) new or adapted existing suicide prevention interventions designed specifically for the out-of-home care context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> Traditional and social media coverage of acute mass violence (AMV; e.g., terrorism, mass shootings) create an environment where the possibility of being the victim of AMV is constantly portrayed and this media exposure has been linked to distress among people not directly affected. We explored how initial emotional reactions to media exposure to AMV, threat perception, and core beliefs may mediate the media exposure to current anxiety or depression symptoms relationship.<br /><br /> Adolescents (<br /><br /> = 342) in the United States aged 13-17 years old (<br /><br /> = 15.43, <br /><br /> = 1.29; 71.6% female) completed online surveys asking about time spent watching AMV coverage in the media, initial emotional reactions to the media coverage, threat perception, core beliefs, and current anxiety and depression symptoms. Mediation was tested with PROCESS (Hayes, 2018) for anxiety and depression. Sex and having lived in a community exposed to an AMV event were control variables.<br /><br /> Bootstrap confidence intervals (95%) for the unstandardized indirect effects of core beliefs, initial anxious emotional reactions, and personal threat perception based on 5,000 bootstrap samples did not include zero, providing support for mediation. Core beliefs and initial anxious emotional reactions were mediators between time-consuming AMV-related media and current anxiety symptoms. Personal threat perception and initial anxious emotional reactions mediated the relationship between time-consuming AMV-related media and current depression symptoms.<br /><br /> The impact of media exposure to AMV on depression and anxiety can be understood through its influence on initial anxious reactions, core beliefs, and threat perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br />The impact of media exposure to AMV on depression and anxiety can be understood through its influence on initial anxious reactions, core beliefs, and threat perception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pressing issue, affecting nearly one-third of women in the U.S. over their lifetimes, and has been linked with a number of deleterious outcomes, including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although IPV is often chronic, few studies have prospectively examined trajectories of PTSD symptoms (PTSS) in this population. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of the Moms' Empowerment Program-an IPV-specific intervention; as well as trauma exposure, domestic violence (DV) shelter use, and depression symptoms on PTSS trajectories in women with histories of IPV.<br /><br /> Data were drawn from a sample of 118 women who participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an intervention specifically designed for women and children experiencing IPV. Sixty-seven women from the original sample completed an assessment 8 years following the conclusion of the intervention.<br /><br /> On average, women's PTSS decreased over time. Intervention group assignment dide research on relations between formal DV services and mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The impact of stress on health and well-being is determined by the ability of an individual to cope with challenges imposed by the stressor. Animals exposed to social defeat stress show different patterns of response during confrontations, leading to distinct stress-induced consequences. Using an established resident-intruder paradigm, we explored the outcomes of adopting active or passive coping strategies during a social defeat protocol over peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) levels of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, glucocorticoid, and oxidative stress markers in male Wistar rats. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaadenosine-hydrochloride.html Selleckchem 3-Deazaadenosine] Animals that presented short latency to assume a defeated posture during confrontation-considered as susceptible to stress-exhibited increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the amygdala (AMY) and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and decreased lipid peroxidation in the CNS, suggesting changes in antioxidative defenses as well as stress-induced neuroadaptations. On the other hand, animals with longer latencies to assume a submissive posture-considered to be resilient to stress-presented lower levels of CNS BDNF compared to short-latency animals and decreased enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the CNS in comparison to controls, which might indicate an increased risk of central oxidative damage. From the results, behavioral reactivity cannot be considered a predictor of success in responding to stress; however, the findings of this study reinforce the idea that exposure to stress has no predetermined negative effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous job loss and made it difficult for unemployed individuals to search for new jobs. Specifically, the pandemic has created numerous job search obstacles, such as increased childcare and community responsibilities, that interfere with job seekers' ability to search for a job. Yet, the job search literature has scantily examined the implications of such job search constraints for job seekers even in normal times, and the limited studies that do exist have produced mostly null findings. Drawing from self-regulation theories, we position COVID-19 job search constraints as a catalyst for lower hopeful search cognitions but greater reflective metacognitive activities. To account for the distinct mechanism via which health concerns highlighted by the pandemic influence job search, we further contend that job search self-regulation is contingent upon job seekers' COVID-19 invulnerability, a novel resource-protective cognition that reflects an optimistic perception regarding how at risk job seekers feel to catching and falling ill due to COVID-19.