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C can produce geometrically and dosimetrically acceptable contours for appropriately selected patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Larger studies are required to confirm the findings.<br /><br /> Twenty per cent of patients with non-small cell lung cancer present with stage III locally advanced disease. Precision radiotherapy with pencil beam scanning (PBS) protons may improve outcomes. However, stage III is a heterogeneous group and accounting for complex tumour motion is challenging. As yet, it remains unclear as to whom will benefit. In our retrospective planning study, we explored if patients with superior sulcus tumours (SSTs) are a select cohort who might benefit from this treatment.<br /><br /> Patients with SSTs treated with radical radiotherapy using four-dimensional planning computed tomography between 2010 and 2015 were identified. Tumour motion was assessed and excluded if greater than 5 mm. Photon volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and PBS proton single-field optimisation plans, with and without inhomogeneity corrections, were generated retrospectively. Robustness analysis was assessed for VMAT and PBS plans involving (i) 5 mm geometric uncertainty, with an additional 3.5% range uncertainty ising target coverage. Sparing these lymphopenia-related organs may be particularly important in this era of immunotherapy.<br /><br />In this planning study, robust PBS plans were achievable in carefully selected patients. Considerable dose reductions to the lung, heart and thoracic vertebra were possible without compromising target coverage. Sparing these lymphopenia-related organs may be particularly important in this era of immunotherapy.<br /><br /> To investigate antibiotic eye drops prescribing patterns of contact lens practitioners in Mainland China for orthokeratology (ortho-k) patients and to develop guidelines for their use.<br /><br /> A questionnaire on their antibiotic prescribing habits was administered to eye care practitioners (ECP) involved in ortho-k lens fitting nationwide via an official online account. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between prescribing habits and demographics.<br /><br /> A total of 555 ECP completed the survey, of whom 50.5 % were optometrists (non-medical degree). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/2-nbdg.html 2-NBDG clinical trial] About 30 % of the respondents routinely prescribed antibiotic eye drops for prophylactic use before and/or after commencement of ortho-k treatment. Forty one percent of the respondents dispensed antibiotics to patients for emergency use without giving written instructions, 48.5 % used antibiotic eye drops to wet fluorescein strips during ortho-k lens fitting, and 44.9 % considered treating corneal infiltrate(s) with antibiotics to be appropriate. A set of guidelines, including when to use antibiotic eye drops during ortho-k lens treatment and their proper use, stratified by different corneal conditions, was developed.<br /><br /> Inappropriate use of antibiotic eye drops appeared to be common among ortho-k practitioners in Mainland China. Taking into account deficiencies and errors identified from the survey, a set of guidelines based on best practice was developed and can serve to provide advice for proper use of antibiotics in ortho-k practice.<br /><br />Inappropriate use of antibiotic eye drops appeared to be common among ortho-k practitioners in Mainland China. Taking into account deficiencies and errors identified from the survey, a set of guidelines based on best practice was developed and can serve to provide advice for proper use of antibiotics in ortho-k practice.<br /><br /> Colitis-associated cancers (CAC) are a catastrophic complication of inflammatory bowel disease; at diagnosis, CAC is frequently at an advanced stage. Although the genomic alterations (GA) in CAC are different from sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), the same systemic therapies are used. We compared clinically relevant outcomes using standard care systemic chemotherapy of stage IV CAC versus a matched patient control cohort of stage IV CRC patients.<br /><br /> A retrospective matched cohort design was used. Eighteen cases of stage IV CAC (7ulcerative colitis, 11 Crohn disease) and 18 CRC were identified. GA analysis was available for all patients. Outcome endpoints included response rate and response duration, progression-free survival, and OS.<br /><br /> Although the response rates were similar (CAC 35.7% vs. CRC 57.1%, P= .45), the median duration of response for CAC was significantly shorter (1.4 months, vs. CRC 11.8 months, P= .006). There was no difference in dose density of first-line therapy between cohorts, suggesting that shorter response duration was due to more rapid development of chemotherapy resistance. Median OS was significantly shorter for CAC patients (13 vs. 27.6 months, P= .034). As expected, there was a difference in the spectrum of GA between CAC and CRC cohorts. However, GA associated with poor prognosis (eg, B-Raf) were no more frequent in the CAC cohort.<br /><br /> Clinically meaningful outcomes of duration of response and OS are worse for CAC versus sporadic CRC patients treated with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first therapy for metastatic disease.<br /><br />Clinically meaningful outcomes of duration of response and OS are worse for CAC versus sporadic CRC patients treated with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI as first therapy for metastatic disease.<br /><br /> COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic in 2020 and has affected millions of lives. Surgical training has also been significantly affected by this pandemic, but the exact effect remains unknown. We sought to perform a national survey of general surgery residents in the United States to assess the effect of COVID-19 on surgical resident training, education, and burnout.<br /><br /> An anonymous online survey was created and distributed to general surgery residents across the United States. The survey aimed to assess changes to surgical residents' clinical schedules, operative volume, and educational curricula as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we sought to assess the impact of COVID-19 on resident burnout.<br /><br /> One thousand one hundred and two general surgery residents completed the survey. Residents reported a significant decline in the number of cases performed during the pandemic. Educational curricula were largely shifted toward online didactics. The majority of residents reported spending more time on educational didactics than before the pandemic.