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In SBBR, the nitrogen mass balance showed 74% of nitrogen removed by denitrification, 9% was removed through sludge wasting process, and 13% was removed in effluent at an SRT of 22 days and DO concentration of 3 mg/L. The t-test results suggest that the performance of SBBR was better than SBR in nitrogen and phosphorus removal at a 95% confidence interval.Two cases of recently diagnosed oesophageal squamous-cell carcinomas in men, both aged 72 years, are reported that resulted in rapid clinical deterioration and death from upper-airway occlusion and haemorrhage, respectively. In the first case, direct growth of the tumour from metastatic deposits in the paratracheal lymph nodes through the wall of the trachea resulted in lethal acute airway occlusion. In the second case, local extension of the tumour through the wall of the oesophagus into the adjacent aorta resulted in an aorto-oesophageal fistula which led to catastrophic and fatal haemorrhage. Although rare, oesophageal squamous-cell carcinomas may cause unexpected death due to quite different mechanisms, and result in the need for a detailed medico-legal assessment.A search was undertaken of the Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA), Australia, autopsy database over a 20-year period from 2000 to 2019 for all cases where vehicle crashes had involved kangaroos. There were [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk923295.html Selleckchem GSK923295] with an age range of 18-62 years (M=42 years) and a male-to-female ratio of 51. There were three crashes involving motor vehicles and three involving motorcycles. The three motor-vehicle crashes were initiated by impact with a kangaroo followed by a head-on crash with a truck (n=1) and a tree (n=2). In two of the motorcycle crashes, the cycle hit a kangaroo, resulting in the rider being unseated. In the third case, following impact with the animal, the cyclist hit a tree. In one of the latter cases, the only evidence of impact with a kangaroo was fur found by investigating officers adherent to the front-right indicator. Lethal injuries were located in the chest in six cases, the cranio-cervical region in five cases and the abdomen in three cases. #link# Thus, in the majority of cases (n=5), death was due to multiple injuries. In the remaining case, death was caused by blunt chest trauma. This study shows that kangaroo-vehicle impacts may result in very significant blunt-force trauma. Motorcycle riders are particularly vulnerable. It may be only by careful examination of the vehicle/motorcycle for animal residues that the nature of the incident will be clarified.Problematic substance use has a significant impact on the health of a large proportion of people aged 65 years and older. Along with population growth, there is an increase in seniors enrolling for treatment in Québec (Canada). This study explores the perspectives of older adults related to their substance use experiences, help-seeking and utilization of addiction treatment services. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 seniors receiving addiction treatment in two area in Québec. Thematic analysis highlight that seniors' experiences, life contexts, and social participation influence their substance use. Help-seeking process can be triggered by realizing the extent of substance use, while barriers and facilitators shape this experience. Utilization of addiction treatment services was mainly perceived positively. Several characteristics and components of services enable seniors to have positive experiences. Substance use can be employed as an adaptation strategy to get through hardships or ease loneliness and boredom. Talking to people, such as family, friends or professionals, is important to older adults' developing trust and engaging in a process to change substance use habits. Based upon these results, clinical recommendations to take into account the complex needs of seniors seeking treatment and related to their social environment are formulated.This study aimed to assess kinematic and kinetic changes in front crawl with various stroke frequency (SF) conditions to investigate why swimming velocity (SV) does not increase above a certain SF (SFmax ). Eight male swimmers performed 20 m front crawl four times. The first trial involved maximal effort, whereas SF was controlled during the next three trials. The instructed SFs were 100 (T100%), 110 (T110%), and 120% (T120%) of the SFmax . Through pressure measurement and underwater motion analysis, hand propulsive force (calculated by the difference between the palm and dorsal pressure value and the hand area) and the angle of attack of the hand were quantified, and differences between trials were assessed by a repeated-measures ANOVA. There was no difference in SV between the conditions, while the angle of attack during the latter half of the underwater stroke at T120% was smaller by 25.7% compared with T100% (p = 0.007). The lower angle of attack induced a lower pressure value on the palm that consequently caused a smaller hand propulsive force at T120% than T100% (p = 0.026). Therefore, the decrease in the angle of attack must be minimised to maintain the hand propulsive force.Healthy sexual function among women service members/veterans (SM/Vs) is associated with higher quality of life, lower incidence and severity of mental health diagnoses, higher relationship satisfaction, and less frequent suicidal ideation. Although trauma exposure has been established as a predictor of poor sexual function and satisfaction in women SM/Vs, no study to date has examined whether specific trauma types, such as military sexual trauma (MST), increase risk for sexual issues. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of this association have not been explored. The current study examined whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptom clusters mediated the association of trauma type and sexual function and satisfaction in 426 trauma-exposed women SM/Vs. Two hundred seventy participants (63.4%) identified MST as their index trauma. Path analyses demonstrated that MST was related to poorer sexual function and lower satisfaction relative to the other traumas (χ2[28, N = 426] = 43.3, p = 0.03, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 0.99, and RMSEA = 0.04), and this association was mediated by higher non-somatic depressive symptoms and PTSD symptom clusters of anhedonia and negative alterations in cognition and mood (NACM). Causality cannot be inferred due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. However, our findings suggest that interventions aimed at decreasing sexual issues among female SM/Vs with MST should target depressogenic symptoms, whether the origin is depression or PTSD. Longitudinal research exploring the etiological processes that contribute to sexual dysfunction among those with MST is needed.