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Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly that can affect both deciduous and permanent dentition. [https://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html signaling pathway] The anomaly is caused by the invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla prior to the calcification of the dental tissues. The treatment option changes according to the classification, from the simple filling of the invaginated enamel area to root canal treatment with or without retrograde surgery, intentional re-implantation, or the extraction of the affected tooth.<br /><br /> In this study we report a case of a maxillary lateral incisor invaginatus in a young adult patient. The periapical endoral X-ray showed the presence of a periapical radiolucency in tooth 22, that had a structure similar to a tooth inside it and an immature apex. Cold thermal testing showed that it was not a vital tooth. CBCT confirmed the diagnosis of Oehler Class II dens invaginatus. The treatment plan involved root canal treatment of both the "true" and the "invaginated" canal using calcium hydroxide-based intermediate medication. Then, after removing the hard internal structure with the aid of an operative microscope, MTA was used to close the immature apex. Finally, the large endodontic space was filled with self-etching, self-adhesive, dual curing resin cement. The patient was included in a follow-up programme to monitor and verify the complete healing of the periapical bone of the affected tooth.<br /><br /> The use of technology and of special materials allowed an adequate management and resolution of the case reported.<br /><br />The use of technology and of special materials allowed an adequate management and resolution of the case reported.<br /><br /> In vitro evaluation of cleanliness of root canal walls of primary molars after preparation with the Self-Adjusting-File and Mtwo-instruments and final irrigation with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite.<br /><br /> s Study Design In 23 matched pairs, teeth were prepared either with SAF or with Mtwo NiTi-instruments, and final irrigation was performed with 2 mL citric acid and 4 mL NaOCl. Roots were split longitudinally, SEM-images were taken, and smear layer was evaluated by two blinded observers using a four-grade score. Statistical evaluation was performed with Mann-Whitney-U-Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (P&lt;0.05).<br /><br /> No significant difference between SAF and Mtwo (P=0.9454) was observed. Overall removal of the smear layer was significantly better in the coronal part of the root canal than in the apical one (P=0.0004393). Mtwo showed no significant difference in cleanliness when comparing the coronal and apical part of the root canal (P=0.1089), whereas SAF cleaned the coronal part of the root canal significantly better than the apical part (P=0.00108).<br /><br /> None of the two instruments was superior concerning cleanliness in root canals of primary molars. Both show good cleaning ability when using an irrigation protocol with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite.<br /><br />None of the two instruments was superior concerning cleanliness in root canals of primary molars. Both show good cleaning ability when using an irrigation protocol with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite.One of the main information channels on oral health during pregnancy is direct and regular contact with obstetricians and gynecologists, who are the health professionals that future mothers consult most often during pregnancy. Thus, it would be desirable to promote information campaigns on dental topics aimed at women, starting with pre- and post-partum courses, to prepare them for the changes of the perinatal period. In recent years, health professionals have increasingly focused on maternal health during pregnancy. In a survey conducted in the United States just over ten years ago on a large sample of obstetrician-gynecologists, most respondents recognised the importance of pregnancy care. However, 77% of respondents had not advised the patients to undergo dental checkups, and 73% seldom asked the patients whether they had seen a dentist in the past 12 months [Morgan, 2009]. In light of these discouraging findings, in 2012 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Dental Acadearise during pregnancy and the first years of their child's life, and to provide them a set of instructions, starting with basic notions such as the recommended frequency of brushing and the correct use of fluorinated toothpastes. Finally, it would be useful to promote programmes that are aimed at evaluating the patients' knowledge about aspects such as prevention and oral health. This would aid in identifying any weaknesses in the current prevention strategies, and help health professionals implement targeted projects supported by both the private sector and the national health system in order to include all the information required to achieve true primary prevention.Social anxiety (SA) is implicated in problematic undergraduate drinking. Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) reduce problematic undergraduate drinking. However, not all students benefit. Identification of vulnerable subgroups is an important next step. The current study examined the role of SA and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) on BMI outcomes. We reanalyzed a subset of data (53.3%; N = 120; 62.5% male) from a randomized trial in which heavy drinking undergraduates were randomized to a BMI or control. SA, past-month typical drinks, peak drinks, weekly quantity, alcohol problems, and PBS were assessed at baseline and 6 weeks. Main effects and interaction among the intervention condition (BMI vs. control) and SA group (low vs. high) were tested on alcohol outcomes and PBS. High SA undergraduates reported greater baseline drinking, more alcohol problems, and lower PBS. Post-BMI, high SA drinkers continued to report greater peak drinks, typical drinks, alcohol problems, and lower PBS use, controlling for baseline use. Among the BMI condition, parallel multiple mediation analyses revealed the PBS subscale Manner of Drinking uniquely mediated the relationship between SA and heavier post-BMI drinking. The PBS Manner of Drinking and Serious Harm Reduction subscales jointly mediated the relationship between SA and greater post-BMI alcohol problems. BMIs may need to be refined to improve outcomes for socially anxious drinkers. Increasing PBS utilization post-BMI may help improve BMI efficacy in this vulnerable group. Clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> Emerging evidence suggests that adults with chronic pain have poor smoking cessation outcomes, but the exact mechanisms are less understood. This study examined whether depression, anxiety, stress, and then, positive outcome expectancy for smoking mediated the association between pain and smoking relapse during a quit attempt.<br /><br /> This study is a secondary data analysis of a three-armed randomized clinical trial that compared in-person and smartphone-based smoking cessation interventions. Participants (N = 81) self-reported the amount of bodily pain they experienced in the past 4 weeks at baseline. Depression, anxiety, stress, and positive outcome expectancy for smoking were measured daily, via a smartphone app, throughout the first week of the quit attempt, and were aggregated to the week level for analyses. Biochemically verified smoking abstinence was assessed 4 weeks postquit date.<br /><br /> Sequential mediation analyses showed that pain was indirectly associated with smoking relapse through greater feelings of sindfulness, to manage stress, and challenge expectations about the ability of smoking to improve mood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br /> To understand how interpersonal trauma (IPT), stress response, and drinking to cope converge to predict stress-induced drinking, a risk factor for alcohol use disorder.<br /><br /> Young adults with no substance use disorder were classified into three trauma history groups (a) IPT with PTSD (n = 27), (b) IPT without PTSD (n = 35), and (c) Control (no trauma-history/no PTSD; n = 36). Participants completed a baseline assessment, including a structured clinical interview, to confirm PTSD diagnosis, followed by the Trier Social Stressor Task (TSST) and an alcohol use task. Subjective units of distress and blood serum cortisol were collected at standardized timepoints throughout the tasks.<br /><br /> In all three groups (PTSD, IPT, control), males consumed more alcohol in the lab than females. Participants in the PTSD group had significantly higher drinking to cope motives, which were associated with greater subjective reactivity; however, neither drinking to cope motives nor subjective reactivity to the TSST predicted post-stressor alcohol consumption for those with PTSD.<br /><br /> The interplay among trauma history, stress, and drinking among young adults is nuanced; additional lab-based studies are needed to further clarify the nuanced connection between trauma history, acute stress reactions, and alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).<br /><br />The interplay among trauma history, stress, and drinking among young adults is nuanced; additional lab-based studies are needed to further clarify the nuanced connection between trauma history, acute stress reactions, and alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).In this article, the new editor for Psychology of Addictive Behaviors outlines her vision for the future of the journal in three primary areas quality of articles published, open science initiatives, and greater focus on areas of addiction psychology that are critically important to advancing our field. She discusses each of these initiatives in turn, and how readers of the journal and potential authors can contribute to advancing this vision for the future of the journal. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) on average report higher rates of racial discrimination and lower levels of English proficiency than other racial and ethnic groups. Less clear is how these factors may shape AAPIs' civic outcomes. The current study explored the roles of racial discrimination and English proficiency in AAPIs' civic satisfaction and civic engagement. Method Using data from a quality-of-life survey of 2,463 AAPIs from five ethnic subgroups in a large southwestern city, we analyzed (a) whether racial discrimination was associated with lower civic satisfaction but higher civic engagement and (b) whether English proficiency is associated with higher civic satisfaction and civic engagement. Results Multivariate regression results indicated that racial discrimination was associated with lower levels of civic satisfaction for four AAPI groups (Asian Indian, Korean, Filipino, and Vietnamese) but not with higher civic engagement. English proficiency was not consistently associated with civic satisfaction or engagement across AAPI groups. Conclusions Examining racial discrimination along civic outcomes brings attention to an important dimension of AAPIs' well-being and lived experiences. Although English proficiency was not associated with civic engagement, the findings on racial discrimination have implications for civic programs, services, and policies that are important for promoting a more inclusive democracy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).