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Joint replacement surgery as a treatment for glenohumeral arthritis with glenoid bone loss is challenging. The aim of this study is to offer an anatomical orientation for glenoid reconstruction.<br /><br /> In this study, we measured size, inclination and version of the glenoid surface, as well as the distance between the articular line of the glenoid, base of the coracoid process, and acromion using computer tomographic (CT) imaging of 131 study participants aged 19-88years in the period of 2010-2013.<br /><br /> We measured a mean distance of 6.5 ± 0.2mm from the glenoid articular line to the base of the coracoid process in the transverse CT plane. Body height has shown no significant impact on the glenoid morphology. We observed significant differences between males and females The glenoid appeared to be located 5.2 ± 0.9mm higher and the humeral head was 4.5 ± 0.7mm larger in male subjects compared with females (r = .699; p &lt; .01).<br /><br /> In our study, the base of the coracoid offers an anatomical reference during reconstruction of the glenoid in primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. As only 2D-CT imaging allows for accurate assessment of glenoid bone defects, we consider conventional X-ray imaging insufficient for proper preoperative planning before shoulder arthroplasty.<br /><br /> III.<br /><br />III.<br /><br /> The proximal ulna has been comprehensively described in the anatomic literature and imaging studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, the anatomy of the proximal ulna in children has not been fully described in the literature.<br /><br /> The present study was conducted on 189 children aged between 0 and 12years (4.7 ± 2.7) by analysis of lateral X-rays of the forearm. Proximal ulna dorsal angulation (PUDA), tip-to-apex (TTA), and total ulnar length (TUL) were measured. The correlation between age and the various X-ray measurements was recorded and then compared with gender differences and adult measurements. Three orthopedic surgeons independently examined the X-ray films and confirmed the reliability of the original observations through intra-group correlation coefficients.<br /><br /> There was a strong positive correlation between age and TUL (r = 0.834), and a moderately negative correlation between age and PUDA (r = -0.405). No significant differences were observed between different genders (p &gt; 0.05). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/neo2734.html NEO2734 ic50] Compared with adults, all measurements were smaller except for PUDA, all such measurements statistically significantly different between children and adults (p &lt; 0.05). Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were "very good" for TUL (0.81-1.00), and "good" for PUDA, TTA, and TTA% (0.61-0.80).<br /><br /> Good understanding of the anatomy of the pediatric proximal ulna will help to increase the knowledge base in pediatric orthopedic surgeons allowing them to provide improved treatment of fractures. Restoration of the correct forearm anatomy should result in superior clinical and functional results.<br /><br />Good understanding of the anatomy of the pediatric proximal ulna will help to increase the knowledge base in pediatric orthopedic surgeons allowing them to provide improved treatment of fractures. Restoration of the correct forearm anatomy should result in superior clinical and functional results.<br /><br /> Femoral head fractures considered to be rare injuries. Surgical intervention is indicated for major fragment displacement or in the presence of instability. Surgical management can be achieved through either Anterior, posterior, and trans-trochanteric surgical approaches. Surgical hip dislocation (SHD) has been advocated by many authors to be a safe and effective alternative way of management. The aim of this study was to report on the accuracy of fracture reduction, procedure safety, and outcomes of using SHD in the management of femoral head fractures.<br /><br /> Between 2011 and 2017, 31 patients presented with femoral head fracture were treated through SHD. At a mean follow-up of 48months, 27 patients were available for the study with a mean age of 33.8years. Patient demographics, clinical evaluation according to modified Harris hip score and modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score, radiographic fracture reduction according to Matta's criteria, and any complications were reported.<br /><br /> Excellent and good clinicalcomes as well as complication rates. Giving the advantage of fully exposing the femoral head and the acetabulum which enables the surgeon to anatomically reduce the fracture and treat any associated injuries, SHD is recommended besides other approaches for the management of femoral head fractures.<br /><br /> Head and face injuries are the second most frequently reported injuries among bicyclists. Recently, helmet usage has increased, and in some countries, helmet laws have been introduced. However, subsequent changes in the incidence and severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are unknown, and data on neurosurgical interventions are lacking. Therefore, we analyzed a cohort of bicyclists with TBI, in a state with an enforced helmet law, and compared our results with the available literature.<br /><br /> Patient data of bicycle accidents that occurred between January 2008 and January 2015 were extracted from the state trauma registry, and the corresponding patient files and CT scans were comprehensively reviewed.<br /><br /> Of the 1019 patients admitted due to bicycle accidents, 187 patients suffered from TBI. Most cases were mild; however, 72 involved intracranial hemorrhages. Of the TBI patients, 113 were wearing helmets. CT scans were performed on 168 TBI patients, 120 of whom had a Rotterdam CT score of 1, with no difference between helmeted and non-helmeted patients. Open head injury (p &lt; 0.05) and epidural hematomas were significantly less frequent among helmet wearers (p = 0.03). Ten patients required surgery; helmet use and neurosurgical involvement were not significantly correlated.<br /><br /> Patients who wore helmets were significantly less likely to suffer from epidural hematomas and open head injuries. While TBI severity was not significantly different between helmeted and non-helmeted bicyclists, the overall occurrence of TBI and moderate to severe TBI among all admissions was lower than that seen in comparable studies from countries without helmet laws.<br /><br />Patients who wore helmets were significantly less likely to suffer from epidural hematomas and open head injuries. While TBI severity was not significantly different between helmeted and non-helmeted bicyclists, the overall occurrence of TBI and moderate to severe TBI among all admissions was lower than that seen in comparable studies from countries without helmet laws.