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The synthesis and characterization of a series of Sn(ii) and Sn(iv) complexes supported by the highly electron-withdrawing dianionic perfluoropinacolate (pinF) ligand are reported herein. Three analogs of [SnIV(pinF)3]2- with NEt3H+ (1), K+ (2), and K(18C6)+ (3) counter cations and two analogs of [SnII(pinF)2]2- with K+ (4) and K(15C5)2+ (5) counter cations were prepared and characterized by standard analytical methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and 119Sn Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopies. The six-coordinate SnIV(pinF) complexes display 119Sn NMR resonances and 119Sn Mössbauer spectra similar to SnO2 (cassiterite). In contrast, the four-coordinate SnII(pinF) complexes, featuring a stereochemically-active lone pair, possess low 119Sn NMR chemical shifts and relatively high quadrupolar splitting. Furthermore, the Sn(ii) complexes are unreactive towards both Lewis bases (pyridine, NEt3) and acids (BX3, Et3NH+). Calculations confirm that the Sn(ii) lone pair is localized within the 5s orbital and reveal that the Sn 5px LUMO is energetically inaccessible, which effectively abates reactivity.Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for a finite sample of NaA zeolite in contact with bulk carbon dioxide in a wide range of temperatures and CO2 contents. Density and diffusion profiles were obtained to estimate the depth at which the external surfaces of the zeolite affect CO2 diffusion in porous space. The approximate depth of surface effects for NaA zeolite was estimated as ca. 2 nm, though this figure may vary depending on temperature and adsorbed gas density. Diffusion coefficients and diffusion activation energies were calculated for CO2 and Na+ in the bulk-like region of the zeolite. Diffusion activation energy for carbon dioxide demonstrated a non-monotonic dependence on the amount of adsorbed gas.The development of two-dimensional (2D) lateral heterostructures (LHs) with the powerful tunability of electronic properties will be of great realistic significance for next-generation device applications. Herein, we report the novel 2D MoX2 and MoX2H2 (X = As or Sb) monolayer materials with excellent stability. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrated that 2D MoX2 layers possess the metallic characteristic while the full surface hydrogenation effect would play a role in stabilizing the 2D lattices and lead to band gap openings of 0.83 and 0.50 eV for the 2D MoAs2H2 and MoSb2H2, respectively. In addition, our results suggest that the 2D MoAs2H2 and MoSb2H2 can serve as the 'building blocks' to construct the seamless LHs exhibiting excellent thermal and dynamical stability. The obtained nL-MoAsSb LHs enable the fully tunable band gap engineering behavior with linear tendency as a function of the width of the in-plane components. The phase transition from direct to in-direct band gap was also confirmed in the LHs as the crucial value of n = 3. In view of the type-II band alignment and efficient carrier separation in nL-MoAsSb, the predicted MoX2H2 and nL-MoAsSb LHs not only highlight the promising candidates for 2D pristine materials, but also paves the way for the realization of practical integrating device applications.Hematite is a promising candidate as photoanode for solar-driven water splitting, with a theoretically predicted maximum solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of ∼16%. However, the interfacial charge transfer and recombination greatly limits its activity for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Carbon dots exhibit great potential in photoelectrochemical water splitting for solar to hydrogen conversion as photosensitisers and co-catalysts. Here we developed a novel carbon underlayer from low-cost and environmental-friendly carbon dots through a facile hydrothermal process, introduced between the fluorine-doped tin oxide conducting substrate and hematite photoanodes. This led to a remarkable enhancement in the photocurrent density. Owing to the triple functional role of carbon dots underlayer in improving the interfacial properties of FTO/hematite and providing carbon source for the overlayer as well as the change in the iron oxidation state, the bulk and interfacial charge transfer dynamics of hematite are significantly enhanced, and consequently led to a remarkable enhancement in the photocurrent density. The results revealed a substantial improvement in the charge transfer rate, yielding a charge transfer efficiency of up to 80% at 1.25 V vs. RHE. In addition, a significant enhancement in the lifetime of photogenerated electrons and an increased carrier density were observed for the hematite photoanodes modified with a carbon underlayer, confirming that the use of sustainable carbon nanomaterials is an effective strategy to boost the photoelectrochemical performance of semiconductors for energy conversion.The dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen on metal surfaces has long been controversial, mostly due to the spin-triplet nature of its ground state, to possible non-adiabatic effects, such as an abrupt charge transfer from the metal to the molecule, or even to the role played by the surface electronic state. Here, we have studied the dissociative adsorption of O2 on CuML/Ru(0001) at normal and off-normal incidence, from thermal to super-thermal energies, using quasi-classical dynamics, in the framework of the generalized Langevin oscillator model, and density functional theory based on a multidimensional potential energy surface. Our simulations reveal a rather intriguing behavior of dissociative adsorption probabilities, which exhibit normal energy scaling at incidence energies below the reaction barriers and total energy scaling above, irrespective of the reaction channel, either direct dissociation, trapping dissociation, or molecular adsorption. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cmc-na.html selleck] We directly compare our results with existing scanning tunneling spectroscopy and microscopy measurements. From this comparison, we infer that the observed experimental behavior at thermal energies may be due to ligand and strain effects, as already found for super-thermal incidence energies.A new protocol was developed to synthesize (enantioenriched) thioethers and selenoethers from (chiral) benzylic trimethylammonium salts and di(hetero)aryl disulfides or diselenides. These syntheses were promoted by the presence of weak base and did not require the use of any transition metal, and resulted in the target products with good to excellent yields (72-94%). Using quaternary ammonium salts synthesized from enantiomerically enriched amines led to highly enantiopure benzylic thioethers and selenoethers (94-99% ee) with configurations reversed from those of their enantioenriched quaternary ammonium salts.