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These genotypic changes were associated with an increase in ergosterol content but no discrepancy in virulence potential was observed between our isolate and the susceptible C. albicans control strain SC5314. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tapi-1.html TAPI-1 datasheet] This suggests that antifungal resistance and virulence potential in this antifungal resistant isolate are not correlated and that resistance is a result of an increase in membrane ergosterol content and the occurrence of point mutations in genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.Introduction. Macrophages polarization is essential in infection control. Llipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an essential role in host innate immune system-pathogen interaction. The LPS structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa modifies in the adaptation of this pathogen to biofilm-related chronic infection.Gap statement. There have been several studies on LPS induced polarization of human and mouse macrophages with different results. And it was reported that the lipid A structure of the LPS derived from biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 was modified.Aim. This study aimed to investigate the effect and the involved pathway of LPS from biofilm-forming PAO1 on human and murine macrophage polarization.Methodology. LPS was isolated from biofilm-forming and planktonic PAO1 and quantified. Then the LPS was added to PMA-differentiated human macrophage THP-1 cells and Raw264.7 murine macrophage cells. The expression of iNOS, Arg-1, IL4, TNF-α, CCL3, and CCL22 was analysed in the different cell lines. The expression of TICAM-1 and MyD88 in human THP-1 macrophages was quantified by Western blot. PAO1 infected macrophages at different polarization states, and the intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages was evaluated.Results. LPS from biofilm-forming PAO1 induced more marked hyperinflammatory responses in THP-1 and Raw264.7 macrophages than LPS derived from planktonic PAO1, and these responses were related to the up-regulation of MyD88. Intracellular growth of PAO1 was significantly increased in THP-1 macrophages polarized by LPS from biofilm-forming PAO1, but decreased both in THP-1 and Raw264.7 macrophages polarized by LPS from planktonic PAO1.Conclusion. The presented in vitro study indicates that LPS derived from biofilm-forming PAO1 induces enhanced M1 polarization in human and murine macrophage cell lines than LPS from planktonic PAO1.A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, named B2R-29T, was isolated from water collected from a crater lake on Da Hinggan mountain, PR China. Strain B2R-29T was oxidase- and catalase-positive. On the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain B2R-29T clearly belonged to the family Oxalobacteraceae, class Betaproteobacteria and showed the highest similarity to Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum EM1T (97.4 %) and to the other species of Undibacterium (less than 96.8 %). In the phylogenetic tree, strain B2R-29T formed a clade with U. oligocarboniphilum EM1T and Undibacterium squillarum CMJ-9T, indicating that is a member of the genus Undibacterium. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity analyses were performed and the values between strain B2R-29T and its closely related Undibacterium species were less than 75.1 % and 16.9 %, respectively. The chemotaxonomic data of B2R-29T were as follows major uniquinone, Q-8; predominant polar lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol; major fatty acids, C16  0 and summed feature 3 (C16  1  ω7c / C16  1  ω6c); predominant polyamines, putrescine, 2-hydroxyputrescine and spermidine. The DNA G+C content was 51.7 mol% from the genomic sequencing data. In accordance with the phenotypic, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties mentioned above, strain B2R-29T represents a novel species of the genus Undibacterium for which the name Undibacterium crateris sp. link2 nov. is proposed. The type strain is B2R-29T (=CGMCC 1.13792T=KCTC 72018T).A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-endospore-forming and rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain CMS6Z-2T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized branch of Kandelia candel collected from the Maowei Sea, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, PR China. Strain CMS6Z-2T grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 0-10.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1.0 %). Strain CMS6Z-2T possessed meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid of the peptidoglycan and MK-8 (H4) as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C15  0, C16  0 and C18  1  ω9c. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. link3 The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 74.1 mol%. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed that strain CMS6Z-2T should be assigned to the genus Phycicoccus and its closest relative was Phycicoccus endophyticus IP6SC6T with 98.3 % similarity. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenomic analysis based on core proteomes alignment revealed that strain CMS6Z-2T belonged to the genus Phycicoccus and formed a robust cluster with Phycicoccus endophyticus IP6SC6T within the genus Phycicoccus. The average nucleotide identity value and estimated digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CMS6Z-2T and the type strain of Phycicoccus endophyticus were 81.5 and 23.9 %, respectively. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CMS6Z-2T represents a novel species of the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccus flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMS6Z-2T (=KCTC 49240T=CGMCC4.7549T).A Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium designated strain SIJ1T was obtained from tidal flat sediment collected from the northern shore of Kuwait Bay, northwest of the Arabian Gulf. Strain SIJ1T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7-8 in the presence of 6 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and an unsaturated menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. It contained anteiso-C15  0, iso-C16  0 and iso-C15  0 as the major fatty acids and ribose as the major whole-cell sugar. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified glycolipid, phosphoglycolipid and an unidentified lipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes revealed that SIJ1T showed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the Firmicutes. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol% and the full genome analysis for strain SIJ1T showed that it had a genome size of 3 989 945 bp and contained 4085 predicted protein-encoding genes. The SIJ1T annotated genome showed more stress resistance encoding genes in comparison to its closely related strains. The amino acid identity and average nucleotide identity data for the whole genome proved that strain SIJ1T does indeed represent a novel genus. The strain was distinguishable from the phylogenetically related genera through differences in several phenotypic properties. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strain SIJ1T represents a novel genus and species in the family Bacillaceae, for which the name Litoribacterium kuwaitense gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SIJ1T (=DSM 28862T=LMG 28316T).Addressing spiritual needs of patients in healthcare settings improves patient experiences and clinical outcomes; however, non-chaplain providers typically assess spiritual needs differently (quantitative psychometric) than healthcare chaplains (long form narrative) and thus there is little shared language or cross-disciplinary evaluation frameworks across disciplines. This discrepancy impedes the provision of both team-based and patient-centered care. This paper used scoping review methodology to illustrate the overlap between narrative and psychometric assessment tools, comparing four narrative tools against eight psychometric tools. The SpNQ-120 and Brief RCOPE demonstrated consistent domain coverage across the four chaplain narrative tools. This work provides preliminary resources to aid clinicians and researchers in choosing an appropriate tool. Additionally, for those who do not work closely with chaplains, it provides a sense of what domains chaplains prioritize, from their professional and lived experience, in assessing the spiritual life of the patient. This improves interdisciplinary communication, and therefore, patient care.Persons living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease, are often asked to make important decisions regarding power wheelchair (PWC) selection soon after receiving a diagnosis. There is currently a paucity of consumer-friendly information to aid clients living with ALS in better understanding the long-term functional implications of decisions made during the PWC selection process. The purpose of this action research project was to identify the specific considerations and choices required during the PWC selection process to use as the basis for creating a concise, educational video tool that emphasizes functional independence and self-advocacy for clients living with ALS. Semi-structured interviews of a panel of expert stakeholders were conducted to isolate important considerations for PWC selection in clients living with ALS. Qualitative data were collected through coded interviews and used to prioritize themes that were incorporated into an educational video. Once the draft video was created, the expert panel was provided time to review and critique the video prior to the creation of a professional quality video. Major themes identified and analyzed included environmental considerations, PWC component options, self-advocacy, and transportation. The video resource aims to be a resource for beginning a conversation about PWC options to make the PWC evaluation and selection process less daunting for clients and their caregivers.We introduce an improved Bonferroni method for testing two primary endpoints in clinical trial settings using a new data-adaptive critical value that explicitly incorporates the sample correlation coefficient. Our methodology is developed for the usual Student's t-test statistics for testing the means under normal distributional setting with unknown population correlation and variances. Specifically, we construct a confidence interval for the unknown population correlation and show that the estimated type-1 error rate of the Bonferroni method with the population correlation being estimated by its lower confidence limit can be bounded from above less conservatively than using the traditional Bonferroni upper bound. We also compare the new procedure with other procedures commonly used for the multiple testing problem addressed in this paper.The Joint Commission standards now include identification and monitoring patients at high-risk for adverse outcomes of opioid use. Our institution does not have a method to identify at-risk patients. This pilot aimed to assess feasibility of pharmacist-led identification of a population for pain management and opioid stewardship. All patients admitted to the hospital were screened; electronic health record reports identified all opioid, antidepressant, and benzodiazepine administrations within the previous 24 hours, and pertinent family and social history risk factors for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Data were exported to spreadsheets and calculated risk scores for OUD and OIRD, and opioid utilization and morphine milligram equivalents (MME) were tabulated. Chart reviews were completed on patients identified as high risk for OUD or OIRD, if MME was 90 or greater, or those receiving four or more "as needed" opioid doses in the previous 24 hours. Potential regimen adjustments based on the primary investigator's judgment were categorized.