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Upon the C-doping, new energy level was introduced within the bandgap of ZnO that lowers its bandgap energy by 0.35&nbsp;eV. Additionally, the charge carrier density of ZnO increased and the flat band potential showed positive shift. These, together with the 1D nature of the photocatalysts, enhanced the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnO by ~58% and 2.8 folds faster kinetics. Mechanistic study showed that hydroxyl radicals were the most active reactive species responsible for the caffeine molecule degradation. This study underscores that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO for the degradation of environmental pollutants can be maximized by C-doping through careful selection of the carbon source. Ultrathin nanosheets show great promise in photocatalytic technology, due to short path for electron transfer and large surface for reactant adsorption. However, there is no report that ultrathin nanosheets photocatalyst has been used to degrade carbamazepine (CBZ) in aquatic environment. This paper aimed at fabricating ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets to improve the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CBZ. Herein, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) was firstly applied to synthesize ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets (BiOCl-T) by a simple hydrolysis route in water at ambient conditions. TBAOH could act as a structure-directing agent, determining the structure and property of BiOCl-T. Assisted by TBAOH, BiOCl-T exhibited ultrathin nanosheets structure with preferential exposed (1&nbsp;1&nbsp;0) face. PL, photocurrent density, and EIS Nyquist plots demonstrated the enhanced charge separation efficiency in BiOCl-T. Furthermore, BiOCl-T displayed large pore size and specific surface area. Thus, BiOCl-T showed high photocatalytic activity toward CBZ degradation under simulated sunlight. Upon 30&nbsp;min irradiation, the degradation efficiency of CBZ was 91.1% with fast degradation kinetics, which is 2.46 times higher than ordinary BiOCl. Active species of h+, O2-, and OH contributed to CBZ degradation reaction. The obtained result provides a novel viewpoint to fabricate ultrathin nanosheets and broadening their application in the degradation of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals. Constructing Z-scheme photocatalysts is one of the most effective technologies to enhance the photocatalytic reduction or oxidation ability in artificial photosynthesis. For the BiVO4 photocatalyst, it usually shows limited photocatalytic ability because of the severe bulk recombination of photogenerated carriers and the poor reduction reaction of photogenerated electrons. In this paper, a novel plasmonic Z-scheme Pt-Au/BiVO4 single-crystal photocatalyst was constructed to solve the above issues. Here, Au nanoparticles are selectively deposited on the electron-rich (0&nbsp;1&nbsp;0) facet of BiVO4, while Pt nanoparticles are selectively modified on the Au surface. Photocatalytic results indicated that the resultant Pt-Au/BiVO4 Z-scheme photocatalyst exhibits an obviously higher photocatalytic performance than pure BiVO4, Au/BiVO4, randomly deposited BiVO4(Pt-Au/BiVO4(R)) and conventional Pt-Au/BiVO4. More importantly, compared with the well-known Pt/BiVO4(2.0&nbsp;wt%), the Pt-Au/BiVO4 not only exhibits a higher photocatalytic performance, but also loads a lower amount of high-cost Pt cocatalyst. The excellent photocatalytic activity of the plasmonic Z-scheme Pt-Au/BiVO4 photocatalyst can be attributed to the synergistic effect of crystal-facet engineering and selective loading of Pt-Au, which results in the orientation transfer of photogenerated carriers in the single-crystal BiVO4, the enhanced reduction power of photogenerated electrons, and the rapid oxygen-reduction reaction on Pt cocatalyst. We report a facile and versatile method to homogeneously deposit monolith membrane with uniform, high density of metallic nanoparticles via a "ship-in-a-bottle" strategy. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/PLX-4032.html Vemurafenib] Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, an excellent matrix for complexing with metal ions, is pre-infiltrated and applied as the directing agent for in-situ confined-formation of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) inside the mesopores. Efficiency of this method is demonstrated to prepare homogeneous PdNPs-deposited hierarchically porous graphitic carbon (HPGC) membrane with uniform metallic particle size (2.0-2.5&nbsp;nm) and high palladium loading (~34.4&nbsp;wt%). Taking advantages of fast molecule diffusion rate in hierarchically porous structure and high conductivity of graphitic carbon substance, the PdNPs-dispersed HPGC membranes are applied as monolith electrodes for electrochemical applications. The PdNPs-deposited HPGC membrane electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the catalytic oxidation of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid, as well as high sensitivity and selectivity in simultaneous determination of these compounds in real serum samples. The limit of detections for dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid are 1.3&nbsp;×&nbsp;10-8, 2.6&nbsp;×&nbsp;10-8 and 3.7&nbsp;×&nbsp;10-8 M, respectively, at least one order lower than that achieved on electrochemical sensors reported previously. This work provides a versatile method for efficient preparation and stabilization of monodisperse metallic NPs in diverse porous materials, leading to possible applications in devices, catalysis, and electrochemical sensing. Due to its toxicity and persistence, pesticide pollution poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Imidacloprid or IMD is an archetypal neonicotinoid insecticide commonly used to protect a variety of crops worldwide. The present study examines the applicability of two numerical tools -- artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology - Box Behnken design (RSM-BBD) -- to model and optimize oxidative IMD degradation by sodium percarbonate (SPC). The influences of SPC dose, Fe2+ catalyst dosage, and solution pH on IMD removal were evaluated. An ANN composed of an input layer with three neurons, a hidden layer with eight optimum neurons, and an output layer with one neuron was developed to map the complex non-linear process at different levels. Seventeen designed runs of different experimental conditions were derived from RSM-BBD. These experimental conditions and their response values showed to be best fitted in a reduced cubic model equation. Sensitivity analyses revealed the relative importance of the various components Fe2+ (40.