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To more conveniently detect infection using faeces, the LNA-based TaqMan assay was applied to the crude fraction of the faeces without DNA purification. An assay using ethanol precipitation of the faeces yielded results consistent with those of direct microscopic observation.<br /><br /> The LNA-TaqMan assay developed in this study quantitatively detects A. tetraptera infection in mouse faeces.<br /><br />The LNA-TaqMan assay developed in this study quantitatively detects A. tetraptera infection in mouse faeces.<br /><br /> Patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk of developing worse outcomes if they contract COVID-19. In our renal service we reduced HD frequency from thrice to twice-weekly in selected patients with the primary aim of reducing COVID 19 exposure and transmission between HD patients.<br /><br /> Dialysis unit nephrologists identified 166 suitable patients (38.4% of our HD population) to temporarily convert to twice-weekly haemodialysis immediately prior to the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in our area. Changes in pre-dialysis weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and biochemistry were recorded weekly throughout the 4-week project. Hyperkalaemic patients (serum potassium &gt; 6.0 mmol/L) were treated with a potassium binder, sodium bicarbonate and received responsive dietary advice.<br /><br /> There were 12 deaths (5 due to COVID-19) in the HD population, 6 of which were in the twice weekly HD group; no deaths were definitively associated with change of dialysis protocol. A further 19 patients were either hospitalised and/or developed COVID-19 and thus transferred back to thrice weekly dialysis as per protocol. 113 (68.1%) were still receiving twice-weekly HD by the end of the 4-week project. Indications for transfer back to thrice weekly were; fluid overload (19), persistent hyperkalaemia (4), patient request (4) and compliance (1). There were statistically significant increases in SBP and pre-dialysis potassium during the project.<br /><br /> Short term conversion of a large but selected HD population to twice-weekly dialysis sessions was possible and safe. This approach could help mitigate COVID-19 transmission amongst dialysis patients in centres with similar organisational pressures.<br /><br />Short term conversion of a large but selected HD population to twice-weekly dialysis sessions was possible and safe. This approach could help mitigate COVID-19 transmission amongst dialysis patients in centres with similar organisational pressures.<br /><br /> Astrocyte Connexin 43 (Cx43) is essential for the trophic and protective support of neurons during brain ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is believed that dexmedetomidine participates in Cx43-mediated effects. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/jnj-64619178.html Onametostat in vitro] However, its mechanisms remained unclear. This study aims to address the relationship and regulation among them.<br /><br /> Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to the 90-min right middle cerebral arterial occlusion with or without dexmedetomidine pretreatment (5 μg/kg). Neurological functions were evaluated and brain lesions, as well as inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), were assessed. Ischemic penumbral cortex was harvested to determine the expression of astrocyte Cx43. Primary astrocytes were cultured to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on Cx43 after oxygen-glucose deprivation.<br /><br /> Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuated neurological injury, brain lesions and expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) after brain ischemia (P &lt; 0.05). Astrocyte Cx43 was down-regulated by brain I/R injury, both in vivo and in vitro, which were reversed by dexmedetomidine (P &lt; 0.05). This effect was mediated by the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. Further studies with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) confirmed the effect of dexmedetomidine on astrocyte Cx43.<br /><br /> Perioperative dexmedetomidine administration attenuates neurological injury after brain I/R injury, possibly through up-regulation of astrocyte Cx43. Activation of PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β pathway might contribute to this protective effect.<br /><br />Perioperative dexmedetomidine administration attenuates neurological injury after brain I/R injury, possibly through up-regulation of astrocyte Cx43. Activation of PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β pathway might contribute to this protective effect.<br /><br /> Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in crops affects the yield and quality of crops and harms human health. The application of selenium (Se) can reduce the absorption and transport of Cd in winter wheat.<br /><br /> The results showed that increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration and accumulation in the shoot and root of winter wheat and the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd. Se application increased the root length, surface area and root volume but decreased the average root diameter. Increasing Se supply significantly decreased Cd concentration in the cell wall, soluble fraction and cell organelles in root and shoot. An increase in Se supply inhibited Cd distribution in the organelles of shoot and root but enhanced Cd distribution in the soluble fraction of shoot and the cell wall of root. The Se supply also decreased the proportion of active Cd (ethanol-extractable (FE) Cd and deionized water-extractable (FW) Cd) in root. In addition, the expression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b, TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMression of TaNramp5-a, TaNramp5-b and TaHMA2 in root.<br /><br /> Passive auditory oddball tests are effort independent assessments that evaluate auditory processing and are suitable for paediatric patient groups. Our goal was to develop a two-tone auditory oddball test protocol and use this clinical assessment in an immature large animal model. Event-related potentials captured middle latency P1, N1, and P2 responses in 4-week old (N = 16, female) piglets using a custom piglet 32- electrode array on 3 non-consecutive days. The effect of target tone frequency (250Hz and 4000Hz) on middle latency responses were tested in a subset of animals.<br /><br /> Results show that infrequent target tone pulses elicit greater N1 amplitudes than frequent standard tone pulses. There was no effect of day. Electrodes covering the front of the head tend to elicit greater waveform responses. P2 amplitudes increased for higher frequency target tones (4000Hz) than the regular 1000Hz target tones (p &lt; 0.05).<br /><br /> Two-tone auditory oddball tests produced consistent responses day-to-day. This clinical assessment was successful in the immature large animal model.