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The standard curve between concentration of compound (μg/mL) and %viability of cells was analyzed by logarithmic correlation regression with regression equation. For infection rates, t-test was used to examine the statistical significances among the concentrations of compound. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lificiguat-yc-1.html YC-1 research buy] P less then 0.05 was considered to be significant. The maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of [Cu(2,4,5- triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 against DENV-2 was 98.62 μg/mL. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of compound against Vero cells was 300.36μg/mL. The SI values for [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 1.86.Based on selectivity index values, [Cu(2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole)2 (H2O)2].Cl2 can inhibit the growth of DENV- 2 and has low toxicity values for Vero cells.Cellular immune has an important role in response HIV infection, which is attack the infected cells to activate signaling molecule. Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) worked as complementary treatment for HIV infection. The production of ROS and RNS molecules during hyperbaric exposure can affect gene expression which contributes to cellular adaptative response. This study was conducted to explore the mechanisms of cellular adaptive response to HIV infection during hyperbaric exposure. This study was carried on in vitro using healthy volunteers' PBMCs (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) cultures infected with HIV-1. The study was conducted as a posttest only group design. The experimental unit was PBMC from venous blood of healthy volunteers which were cultured in vitro and infected by co-culturing with HIV- 1 in MT4 cell line. The experimental unit consist of treatment and control group. Each group examined the expression of transcription factor NFκB, Interferon α, reverse transcriptase inhibitors (p21), and the amount of HIV-1 p24 antigen. There were increasingly significant differences in the expression of the trancription factor of NFκB, p21, andHIV-1 p24 antigen,as well as mRNA transcription of interferon α2 between treatment and controlgroup. By decreasing p24 antigen showed that HBO exposure was able to suppress HIV-1 replication. The exposure to hyperbaric oxygen at the pressure of 2.4 ATAand 98% oxygen wasable to produce ROS and RNS molecules, which play a role in cellular adaptive responses through increasing the expression of nfĸb, p21 and mRNA of interferon α2 plays a role in inhibition mechanism of HIV-1 replication in cells.The presence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals naive to antiretroviral therapy, may affect the effectiveness of treatment. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, recorded the highest number of cumulative HIV infection cases in the country. This study aimed to identify on the appearance of TDR, as well as to identify HIV-1 subtypes circulating among treatment-naive individuals in Jakarta. Whole blood samples collected from 43 HIV-1 infected, treatment-naive individuals. Viral subtyping and drug resistance testing were performed on HIV-1 pol genes amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction. CRF01_AE was detected most frequently in Jakarta (73.08%). Drug resistance-related major mutation was not detected in protease fragments of pol gene, but two major mutations, K103N (6.67%) and Y181C (6.67%), were detected in reverse transcriptase fragments of pol gene. Our results suggest that TDR was emerged in Jakarta at a certain extent, thus further surveillance study to monitor the TDR prevalence and circulating HIV-1 subtypes in this region is considered to be necessary.Airports need high security procedures, especially for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases spread by passenger and carried goods. Outbreaks of disease form real threat to national defense that can endanger national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security. Biological agents that are dangerous sources of outbreaks infectious diseases can be spread by criminal and terrorists for biological warfare. Based on data, the spread of diseases in Indonesia came from abroad, such as SARS from China, Mers-CoV from the Middle East, Avian Influenza from China, HIV from Africa etc. Indonesia has a population of more than 262 million peoples, 17,500 islands, and climate conditions that allow microorganisms to grow well. In 2017 domestic flights transported 95,401,545 persons and international flights 16,253,259 persons, we need to prevent the spread of diseases in Indonesia entering through the Airports. Efforts to prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents in Indonesia were carried out by Quarantine Officers and Port Health Officers. The development of threat outbreak disease in air transportation is real in the future, so all Indonesia airports must have action plans to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The Air Force must act as guardian of sovereignty by having medical personnel on the spot for role interoperability with the personnel Port Health Office for prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents. Capacity building need for be enhanced for prevention, detection, identification and response through a training of the personnel, procurement facilities for readiness prevent, detect and respond when facing biological threat.In the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the patient is generally directly given Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (Obat Anti Tuberculosis/OAT) without examining Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) to see whether or not there is liver damage before treatment. Because of the side effects by OAT, it is important to know how the condition of the liver function of TB patients who consume OAT in Kendari City General Hospital (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah/RSUD) Kota Kendari by looking at SGOT and SGPT levels in order to provide maximum treatment to TB patients. The method of this research was descriptive analysis with cross sectional approach. The sample is all patients had previously been diagnosed with TB by a doctor based on medical records by in RSUD Kota Kendari after 1-2 months OAT treatment without any sign of liver injury before. Examination of SGOT and SGPT levels was performed on all samples in the Laboratory of RSUD Kota Kendari using clinical chemistry analyzer. The results of this study showed that 20% patients with TB had elevated levels of SGPT and SGOT with average SGOT is 51 U/L and SGPT is 42.