Zobrazení zdroje stránky Hviddennis8489

We analyzed the nationwide pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) registry (1998-2016), to evaluate the nutritional status at the time of diagnosis.<br /><br /> Nine types of nutritional status by the combination of weight-for-length (&lt;2 years)/body mass index (&gt;2 years) and length/height-for-age with three categories (&lt;-2, -2 to 2, and &gt;2 SD) were described. Malnutrition was defined by WHO criteria. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for malnutrition.<br /><br /> In total, 824 IBD patients (498 Ulcerative colitis (UC); 289 Crohn's Disease (CD); 37 Indeterminate Colitis (IC); 412 male; the median age 12.5 years) were eligible. The prevalence of eutrophy, wasting/thinness, stunting, overweight, tall stature, concurrent wasting/thinness and stunting, tall stature with overweight, tall stature with wasting/thinness, and short stature with overweight were 67.4%, 14.9%, 6.6%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 1.1%, 0.4%, and 0.1%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was 32.7%, indicating a higher prevalence in CD (p &lt; 0.001). Incidence of overweight was less common in the CD than UC and IC (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age of onset (&gt;10 years), prepubertal stage, severe disease activity, perianal involvement, and high C reactive protein level were independently associated with malnutrition in pediatric IBD.<br /><br /> We showed the frequency of nutritional impairment in PIBD. The percentage of overweight subjects was lower than the other studies. The age of onset, disease activity, CRP level, perianal involvement, and pubertal stage were associated with a higher risk for developing malnutrition. Our results also confirmed that CD patients are particularly vulnerable to nutritional impairment.<br /><br /> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04457518.<br /><br />ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04457518.<br /><br /> South Asian body composition is characterized by higher body fat at any given BMI. While this does not occur during fetal growth, it is important to understand if inappropriate fat accretion then begins in the first 2 years in Indian infants.<br /><br /> The fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) of healthy term newborns was evaluated at 12 days, 3.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years, by deuterium oxide (D<br /><br /> O) dilution. The effect of being born small versus appropriate for gestational age (SGA vs. AGA), and accelerated early growth pattern on FM and FFM accretion was also investigated.<br /><br /> Newborns (262 total, 150 males) with mean birth weight of 2863 ± 418 g were enrolled. FM percentage (FM%) assessed by D<br /><br /> O in 144, 166, 81, and 115 infants at 12 days, 3.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years respectively, was11.6 ± 6.8, 21.1 ± 7.0, 17.9 ± 8.2 and 22.4 ± 9.5%. Boys had higher FFM at all ages, but FM% was similar in both sexes. Children born SGA had similar FM index (FMI) but a lower FFM index (FFMI) at 2 years compared with those boas well as those of other ethnicities but with low birth weight will clarify whether early accelerated growth pattern contributes to greater accrual of fat rather than lean mass during childhood.We assessed novel factors and the immunodeficiency scoring index (ISI) to predict progression to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients presenting with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with 12 viruses in the PCR era. We retrospectively analyzed the first respiratory virus detected by multiplex PCR in allogeneic HCT recipients (4/2008-9/2018). We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine factors for progression to LRTI within 90 days among patients presenting with URTI. A total of 1027 patients (216 children and 811 adults) presented with URTI only. Among these, 189 (18%) progressed to LRTI (median 12 days). Multivariable models demonstrated a history of  &gt;1 transplant, age  ≥40 years, time post-HCT (≤30 days), systemic steroids, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, cytopenia, and high ISI (scores 7-12) were associated with an increased risk of progression to LRTI. Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus showed the highest progression risk. Patients with ≥3 independent risk factors or high ISI scores were highly likely to progress to LRTI. We identified novel risk factors for progression to LRTI, including history of multiple transplants and hyperglycemia, suggesting an intervention opportunity with glycemic control. ISI and number of risk factors appear to predict disease progression across several viruses.The role of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains unclear in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) receiving rituximab and high-dose methotrexate (MTX)-based chemotherapy. We analyzed the outcomes of upfront ASCT in 106 patients with PCNSL (median age, 64 years; range, 34-86) who received rituximab, MTX, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-MVP). The objective response rate was 88.7% (94/106) and included 46 complete responses (43.4%). Upfront ASCT was performed in 38 responders (median age, 51 years; range, 34-69), including 13 patients aged &gt;60 years, after conditioning with busulfan (3.2 mg/kg, days 8 to 5) and thiotepa (5 mg/kg, days 4-3). For 56 responders ineligible for ASCT because of age &gt;70 years, poor performance status, or refusal to undergo upfront ASCT, other consolidation treatments (n = 32) or observation (n = 24) were performed. With a median follow-up of 24.4 months (95% confidence interval, 20.7-28.0 months), no transplantation-related deaths occurred and seven patients relapsed after upfront ASCT. By contrast, 24 relapses occurred in patients who did not receive upfront ASCT. The progression-free and overall survival were significantly better in patients undergoing upfront ASCT (P = 0.001). Our real-world data suggest the benefit from upfront ASCT.<br /><br /> We previously reported an increase in pneumothorax after implementing delivery room (DR) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for labored breathing or persistent cyanosis in ≥35-week gestational age (GA) neonates unexposed to DR-positive pressure ventilation (DR-PPV). We hypothesized that pneumothorax would decrease after de-implementing DR-CPAP in those unexposed to DR-PPV or DR-O<br /><br /> supplementation (DR-PPV/O<br /><br /> ).<br /><br /> In a retrospective cohort excluding DR-PPV the primary outcome was DR-CPAP-related pneumothorax (1st chest radiogram, 1st day of life). In a subgroup treated by the resuscitation team and admitted to the NICU, the primary outcome was DR-CPAP-associated pneumothorax (1st radiogram, no prior PPV) without DR-PPV/O<br /><br /> .<br /><br /> In the full cohort, occurrence of DR-CPAP-related pneumothorax decreased after the intervention (11.0% vs 6.0%, P &lt; 0.001). In the subgroup, occurrence of DR-CPAP-associated pneumothorax decreased after the intervention (1.4% vs. 0.06%, P &lt; 0.001).<br /><br /> The occurrence of CPAP-associated pneumothorax decreased after avoiding DR-CPAP in ≥35-week GA neonates without DR-PPV/O<br /><br /> .<br /><br />The occurrence of CPAP-associated pneumothorax decreased after avoiding DR-CPAP in ≥35-week GA neonates without DR-PPV/O2.Outside of clinical trials, the prophylactic effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on ischemic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) has not been confirmed. We compared the effect of dihydropyridine CCBs on ischemic events in anticoagulated NVAF patients. We conducted a multicenter historical cohort study at 71 centers in Japan. The inclusion criterion was taking vitamin K antagonists for NVAF. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/fin56.html FIN56] The exclusion criteria were mechanical heart valves and a history of pulmonary thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis. Consecutive patients (N = 7826) were registered in February 2013 and were followed until February 2017. The primary outcomes were ischemic events and ischemic strokes; the secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, major bleeding, and hemorrhagic strokes. The mean patient age was 73 years old, and 67% of the patients were male. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had hypertension, and dihydropyridine CCBs were used by 2693 (34%) patients (CCB group). The cumulative incidences of ischemic events and ischemic strokes at 4 years in the CCB and No-CCB groups were 5.9% vs. 5.2% and 5.6% vs. 4.8%, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the CCB group for ischemic events and ischemic strokes were 1.22 (0.95-1.57) and 1.32 (1.02-1.71), respectively; the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the CCB group for all-cause mortality, major bleeding, and hemorrhagic strokes were 0.85 (0.69-1.04), 1.12 (0.92-1.35), and 1.08 (0.62-1.88), respectively. Dihydropyridine CCB use by anticoagulated NVAF patients significantly increased ischemic strokes in a real-world setting.The prevalence of high sodium-related diseases is increasing across the globe. Knowledge plays an important role in disease prevention. The objective of the present study was to examine sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge of high sodium-related diseases. The Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS) was used in the present study for secondary analyses. It is a nationwide cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Malaysia. A non-parametric test to evaluate trends and a negative binomial regression were utilised to assess knowledge of high sodium-related diseases. Income, educational level, gender, ethnicity, house locality and hypertension were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of high sodium-related diseases. In particular, higher income earners, well-educated people, women, Malays, urban dwellers and hypertensive adults were more likely to have acquired a lot of knowledge of high sodium-related diseases compared to that acquired by lower income earners, less-educated people, men, individuals of other ethnic groups, rural dwellers and nonhypertensive adults. In conclusion, sociodemographic factors and hypertension play an important role in knowledge acquired about high sodium-related diseases. The findings of the present study could inform a future policy directed towards increasing knowledge about high sodium-related diseases among the population in Malaysia.Temporal control of heterologous pathway expression is critical to achieve optimal efficiency in microbial metabolic engineering. The broadly-used GAL promoter system for engineered yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) suffers from several drawbacks; specifically, unintended induction during laboratory development, and unintended repression in industrial production applications, which decreases overall production capacity. Eukaryotic synthetic circuits have not been well examined to address these problems. Here, we explore a modularised engineering method to deploy new genetic circuits applicable for expanding the control of GAL promoter-driven heterologous pathways in S. cerevisiae. Trans- and cis- modules, including eukaryotic trans-activating-and-repressing mechanisms, were characterised to provide new and better tools for circuit design. A eukaryote-like tetracycline-mediated circuit that delivers stringent repression was engineered to minimise metabolic burden during strain development and maintenance. This was combined with a novel 37 °C induction circuit to relief glucose-mediated repression on the GAL promoter during the bioprocess. This delivered a 44% increase in production of the terpenoid nerolidol, to 2.54 g L-1 in flask cultivation. These negative/positive transcriptional regulatory circuits expand global strategies of metabolic control to facilitate laboratory maintenance and for industry applications.