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Influenza B is often perceived as a less severe strain of influenza. The epidemiology and clinical outcomes of influenza B have been less thoroughly investigated in hospitalised patients. The aims of this study wereto describe clinical differences and outcomes between influenza A and B patientsadmitted overa period of 4 years.<br /><br /> We retrospectively collected data of all laboratory confirmed influenza patients ≥18 years at two tertiary hospitals in South Australia. Patients were confirmed as influenza positive if they had a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test of a respiratory specimen. Complications during hospitalisation along with inpatient mortality were compared between influenza A and B. In addition, 30 day mortality and readmissions were compared. Logistic regression model compared outcomes after adjustment for age, Charlson index, sex and creatinine levels.<br /><br /> Between January 2016-March 2020, 1846 patients, mean age 66.5 years, were hospitalised for influenza. Of whom, 1630 (88.3%) had influenza A and 216 (11.7%) influenza B. Influenza B patients were significantly younger than influenza A. Influenza A patients were more likely be smokers with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) than influenza B. Complications, including pneumonia and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were similar between two groups, however, septic shock was more common in patients with influenza B. Adjusted analyses showed similar median length of hospital stay (LOS), in hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and readmissions between the two groups.<br /><br /> Influenza B is less prevalent and occurs mostly in younger hospitalised patients than influenza A. Both strains contribute equally to hospitalisation burden and complications.<br /><br /> Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCR) no ACTRN12618000451202 date of registration 28/03/2018.<br /><br />Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCR) no ACTRN12618000451202 date of registration 28/03/2018.<br /><br /> Life history theory predicts that during the lifespan of an organism, resources are allocated to either growth, somatic maintenance or reproduction. Resource allocation trade-offs determine the evolution and ecology of different life history strategies and define an organisms' position along a fast-slow continuum in interspecific comparisons. Labord's chameleon (Furcifer labordi) from the seasonal dry forests of Madagascar is the tetrapod species with the shortest reported lifespan (4-9months). Previous investigations revealed that their lifespan is to some degree dependent on environmental factors, such as the amount of rainfall and the length of the vegetation period. However, the intrinsic mechanisms shaping such a fast life history remain unknown. Environmental stressors are known to increase the secretion of glucocorticoids in other vertebrates, which, in turn, can shorten telomeres via oxidative stress. To investigate to what extent age-related changes in these molecular and cellular mechanisms contrier H/L ratios than their wild counterparts.<br /><br /> We suggest that environmental stress and the corresponding accelerated telomere attrition have profound effects on the lifespan of F. labordi in the wild, and identify physiological mechanisms potentially driving their relatively early senescence and mortality.<br /><br />We suggest that environmental stress and the corresponding accelerated telomere attrition have profound effects on the lifespan of F. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/-epicatechin.html this website] labordi in the wild, and identify physiological mechanisms potentially driving their relatively early senescence and mortality.<br /><br /> Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM<br /><br /> ). Previous studies have suggested that exposure to PM<br /><br /> may lead to decreased HRV levels, but the results remain inconsistent.<br /><br /> An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM<br /><br /> on HRV. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) to identify panel studies reporting the associations between exposure to PM<br /><br /> and the four indicators of HRV (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency power (HF), and low frequency power (LF)). Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect estimates.<br /><br /> A totalosure to PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system through disturbance of autonomic nervous function.<br /><br /> Popeye domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (POPDC1 and POPDC2) are transmembrane proteins involved in cyclic AMP-mediated signalling processes and are required for normal cardiac pacemaking and conduction. In order to identify novel protein interaction partners, POPDC1 and 2 proteins were attached to beads and compared by proteomic analysis with control beads in the pull-down of proteins from cultured human skeletal myotubes.<br /><br /> There were highly-significant interactions of both POPDC1 and POPDC2 with XIRP1 (Xin actin binding repeat-containing protein 1), actin and, to a lesser degree, annexin A5. In adult human skeletal muscle, both XIRP1 and POPDC1/2 were present at the sarcolemma and in T-tubules. The interaction of POPDC1 with XIRP1 was confirmed in adult rat heart extracts. Using new monoclonal antibodies specific for POPDC1 and POPDC2, both proteins, together with XIRP1, were found mainly at intercalated discs but also at T-tubules in adult rat and human heart.<br /><br /> Mutations in human POPDC1, POPDC2 and in human XIRP1, all cause pathological cardiac arrhythmias, suggesting a possible role for POPDC1/2 and XIRP1 interaction in normal cardiac conduction.<br /><br />Mutations in human POPDC1, POPDC2 and in human XIRP1, all cause pathological cardiac arrhythmias, suggesting a possible role for POPDC1/2 and XIRP1 interaction in normal cardiac conduction.<br /><br /> Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) are contributing significantly to the nitrogen cycle and are successfully used in wastewater treatment. Due to the lack of complete genomes in the databases, little is known about the stability and variability of their genomes and how the genomes evolve in response to changing environments.<br /><br /> Here we report the complete genome of the anammox bacterium "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" strain CSTR1 which was enriched planktonically in a semi-continuous stirred-tank reactor. A comparison of the genome of strain CSTR1 with the genome of "Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" MBR1 and the draft genome of KUST showed &gt; 99% average nucleotide identity among all. Rearrangements of large genomic regions were observed, most of which were associated with transposase genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that strain MBR1 is more distantly related to the other two strains. Proteomic analysis of actively growing cells of strain CSTR1 (growth rate ~ 0.33 d<br /><br /> ) failed to detect the annotated cytochrome cd<br /><br /> -type nitrite reductase (NirS) although in total 1189 proteins were found in the proteome.