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No significant difference was found for the immediate change of DPI for alternative drugs (p= 0.537), while a significant decrease in change trend was detected in the post-"4 + 7" policy period (- 0.003 per month, p= 0.014). The DPI of the overall policy-related drugs significantly decreased (- 0.261 per month, p&lt; 0.0001) after "4 + 7" policy.<br /><br /> These findings indicate that the price behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises changed under NCDP policy, while the price linkage effect is still limited. It is necessary to further expand the scope of centralized purchased drugs and strengthen the monitoring of related drugs regarding price change and consumption structure.<br /><br />These findings indicate that the price behavior of pharmaceutical enterprises changed under NCDP policy, while the price linkage effect is still limited. It is necessary to further expand the scope of centralized purchased drugs and strengthen the monitoring of related drugs regarding price change and consumption structure.<br /><br /> This systematic review assesses the association of tooth loss (TL), as the exposure, with morbidity and mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, as the outcome, in older adults.<br /><br /> Individuals with DM have higher prevalence of severe TL and increased risk of developing morbidities and mortality. No systematic review has evaluated the association between TL with morbidity and mortality by DM status.<br /><br /> Comprehensive searches used multiple publication databases containing reports published between 01/01/2000 and 04/21/2021. Two authors independently evaluated included studies for quality and risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for cohort and Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal sheet for cross-sectional studies, while a third author arbitrated decisions to resolve disagreements.<br /><br /> Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria eight cross-sectional and five cohort. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Isradipine(Dynacirc).html learn more] Qualitative review of the included studies indicated TL is associated with increased incidence and prevalence of DM. TL is also associated with DM-related morbidities including greater prevalence of heart disease, diabetic retinopathy, metabolic syndrome; poorer health-related quality of life; poorer survival of participants with chronic kidney disease; and increased medical expenditure. Overall, the quality of the evidence reviewed was medium, as per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence.<br /><br /> This review found significant associations of TL with prevalence and incidence of DM and adverse DM-related outcomes. An interprofessional team-care approach that includes an oral health component could benefit the prevention and management of DM.<br /><br />This review found significant associations of TL with prevalence and incidence of DM and adverse DM-related outcomes. An interprofessional team-care approach that includes an oral health component could benefit the prevention and management of DM.<br /><br /> Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of falls and fractures. Sarcopenia occurs more frequently in RA patients due to the inflammatory processes. Early diagnosis and prevention programmes are essential to avoid serious complications. The present study aims to identify risk factors for falls related to sarcopenia and physical performance.<br /><br /> In a 1-year prospective study, a total of 289 patients with RA, ages 24-85 years, were followed using quarterly fall diaries to report falls. At the baseline, medical data such as RA disease duration and Disease Activity Score (DAS28<br /><br /> ) were collected. Self-reported disability was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Appendicular skeletal mass was determined by Dual X-ray-Absorptiometry (DXA). Physical performance was evaluated by handgrip strength, gait speed, chair rise test, Short Physical Performance Battery, and FICSIT-4. Muscle mechanography was measured with the Leonardo Mechanograph®. Sarcopenia was assessed according tCTRP) since 16 March 2017 ( DRKS00011873 ).<br /><br />The study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) since 16 March 2017 ( DRKS00011873 ).<br /><br /> Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to pandemic that affected almost all countries in the world. Many countries have implemented border restriction as a public health measure to limit local outbreak. However, there is inadequate scientific data to support such a practice, especially in the presence of an established local transmission of the disease.<br /><br /> To apply a metapopulation Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model with inspected migration to investigate the effect of border restriction as a public health measure to limit outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.<br /><br /> We apply a modified metapopulation SEIR model with inspected migration with simulating population migration, and incorporating parameters such as efficiency of custom inspection in blocking infected travelers in the model. The population sizes were retrieved from government reports, while the number of COVID-19 patients were retrieved from Hong Kong Department of Health and China Centre for Disease Control (CDC) data. The R<br /><br /> was obtained from previous clinical studies.<br /><br /> Complete border closure can help to reduce the cumulative COVID-19 case number and mortality in Hong Kong by 13.99% and 13.98% respectively. To prevent full occupancy of isolation facilities in Hong Kong; effective public health measures to reduce local R<br /><br /> to below 1.6 was necessary, apart from having complete border closure.<br /><br /> Early complete travel restriction is effective in reducing cumulative cases and mortality. However, additional anti-COVID-19 measures to reduce local R<br /><br /> to below 1.6 are necessary to prevent COVID-19 cases from overwhelming hospital isolation facilities.<br /><br />Early complete travel restriction is effective in reducing cumulative cases and mortality. However, additional anti-COVID-19 measures to reduce local R0 to below 1.6 are necessary to prevent COVID-19 cases from overwhelming hospital isolation facilities.<br /><br /> Behavior change interventions in tackling road traffic injuries are a public health concern. Thus, this interventional research was to survey the effect of safe traffic behaviors among male students in Hamadan, Iran, utilizing theory of planned behavior.<br /><br /> In this quasi-experimental study, 204 students were randomly selected through multistage sampling from male high school students of Hamadan city, west-central of Iran, and non-randomly allocated to control and intervention groups (102 students in every group). The self-administrate questionnaire was used for data collection in this research. Frequency (percentage) and mean (SD) were used for description. Cronbach alpha coefficient, content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used for psychometric evaluation of questionnaire and paired/independent sample t-test was used for data analysis. All statistical analyses were done in SPSS 19 and significant level was considered 0.05.<br /><br /> In both groups, more than 50 % of students walked to school. The two study groups were homogeneous in terms of confounding variables (p &gt; 0.05). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and the total Cronbach's alpha value was equal to 0.97. There was no significant difference in the score of safe traffic behaviors between the two groups before the intervention (p &gt; 0.05). But after the intervention, the score in the intervention group was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05). Intragroup comparison also showed that only in the intervention group the score was significantly changed (p &lt; 0.05).<br /><br /> Theory of planned behavior is a suitable conceptual framework for planning the interventions to increase safe traffic behaviors in students.<br /><br />Theory of planned behavior is a suitable conceptual framework for planning the interventions to increase safe traffic behaviors in students.<br /><br /> This study aimed to develop a novel indicator associated with hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents, the relative children's lipid accumulation product (RCLAP).<br /><br /> A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. A total of 683 students aged 8-15 years were recruited via a stratified cluster sampling Methods. Anthropometric indexes (waist circumference (WC), Body mass index (BMI), Waist-height ratio (WHtR), logarithm children LAP (LnCLAP), RCLAP per height (RCLAP-H)) were standardized using a z-score method (standardized variables SWC, SBMI, SWHtR, SLnCLAP, SRCLAP-H). A logistic regression model was performed to evaluate the association of the above indicators with the outcome of hypertension.<br /><br /> The overall prevalence of hypertension was 5.7% (5.5% in boys, 6.0% in girls). SWC ≥ P<br /><br /> , SBMI ≥ P<br /><br /> , SWHtR ≥ P<br /><br /> , SlnCLAP ≥ P<br /><br /> and SRCLAP-H ≥ P<br /><br /> significantly increased risk of hypertension, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.21(95% confidence interval (CI)1.13, 4.30), 2.30(1.18, 4.49), 2.64(1.35, 5.14), 4.43(2.28, 8.61), and 4.49(2.31, 8.71), respectively.<br /><br /> RCLAP is a novel indicator associated with hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents, and it performs better than WC, BMI, WHtR and children LAP.<br /><br />RCLAP is a novel indicator associated with hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents, and it performs better than WC, BMI, WHtR and children LAP.<br /><br /> Protection of privacy data published in the health care field is an important research field. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the USA is the current legislation for privacy protection. However, the Institute of Medicine Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information recently concluded that HIPAA cannot adequately safeguard the privacy, while at the same time researchers cannot use the medical data for effective researches. Therefore, more effective privacy protection methods are urgently needed to ensure the security of released medical data.<br /><br /> Privacy protection methods based on clustering are the methods and algorithms to ensure that the published data remains useful and protected. In this paper, we first analyzed the importance of the key attributes of medical data in the social network. According to the attribute function and the main objective of privacy protection, the attribute information was divided into three categories. We then proposed an alin social network by optimizing generalization loss and structure loss. The proposed method to evaluate loss obtained a balance between the data availability and the risk of privacy leakage.<br /><br />We showed the importance of the attributes and the structure of the released health data in privacy preservation. Our method achieved better results of privacy preservation in social network by optimizing generalization loss and structure loss. The proposed method to evaluate loss obtained a balance between the data availability and the risk of privacy leakage.<br /><br /> Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and pulmonary function testing (PFT) are noninvasive methods to evaluate the respiratory and circulatory systems. This research aims to evaluate and monitor chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) noninvasively and effectively by these two methods. Moreover, the research assesses the predictive value of CPET and PFT parameters for severe CTEPH.<br /><br /> We used data from 86 patients with CTEPH (55 for test set, and 31 for validation set) at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University. The clinical, PFT and CPET data of CTEPH patients of different severity classified according to pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (mm Hg) were collected and compared. Logistic regression analysis was performed to appraise the predictive value of each PFT and CPET parameter for severe CTEPH. The performance of CPET parameters for predicting severe CTEPH was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves.<br /><br /> Data showed that minute ventilation at anaerobic threshold (VE @ AT) (L/min) and oxygen uptake at peak (VO<br /><br /> @ peak) (mL/kg/min) were independent predictors for severe CTEPH classified according to PAP (mm Hg).