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A novel method of laser cavitation (LC) was proposed for degrading organic dye wastewater. Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution was employed as the simulated organic dye wastewater, and a LC system was designed to conduct the experiments of degrading RhB. The effects of laser energy, initial concentration and cavitation time on the degradation were investigated. Moreover, the degradation kinetics, degradation mechanism and energy efficiency were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that RhB aqueous solution can be degraded effectively by LC and the degradation follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The extent of degradation increases by 27.6% with the rise of laser energy (50-100 mJ) while it decreases by 7.8% with increasing the initial concentration from (20-40 mg/L), but RhB can not be degraded when exceeding 100 mg/L. The degradation extent of RhB at 100 mJ and 20 mg/L for 3 h is 81.11%, and the RhB solution is almost completely degraded at 150 mJ (98.4%). The degradation velocity of RhB rises firstly and then decreases as the cavitation time increases. The degradation of RhB by LC can be attributed to the N-de-ethylation and chromophore cleavage caused by oxidation of hydroxyl (OH) radical and thermal decomposition. LC has a higher energy efficiency compared with other methods and is more energy efficient at lower laser energy.Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, belonging to the glycoproteinoses. The disease is caused by deficiency of the sialic acid-cleaving enzyme, sialidase 1 or neuraminidase 1 (NEU1). Patients with sialidosis are classified based on the age of onset and severity of the clinical symptoms into type I (normomorphic) and type II (dysmorphic). Patient-derived skin fibroblasts from both disease types were reprogrammed using the CytoTune™-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit. iPSCs were characterized for pluripotency, three germ-layer differentiation, normal karyotype and absence of viral components. These cell lines represent a valuable resource to model sialidosis and to screen for therapeutics.Combating the Aedes aegypti vector is still the key to control the transmission of many arboviruses, such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. Nowadays, as few products are efficient for Aedes aegypti control, the search for new strategies became pivotal. Therefore, the use of substances with photodynamic activity, such as curcumin and their formulations, are strongly encouraged, due to their multi-target mechanism of action. In this study, we evaluated the photolarvicidal and ovicidal activity of curcumin in the presence of sucrose (named SC) and D-mannitol (named DMC). To support the understanding of the larvicidal action of these formulations, Raman micro-spectroscopy was employed. We also studied the morphological changes in Danio rerio (Zebrafish) gills, a non-target organism, and demonstrate that this is an environmentally friendly approach. Both SC and DMC presented a high photo-larvicidal potential. DMC showed the highest larval mortality, with LC50-24h values between 0.01 and 0.02 mg.L-1. DMC also significantly decreased egg hatchability, reaching a hatching rate of 10% at 100 mg.L-1. The analysis of molecular mechanisms via Raman micro-spectroscopy showed that DMC is highly permeable to the peritrophic membrane of the larva, causing irreversible damage to the simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tube. Histological changes found in the D. rerio gills were of minimal or moderate pathological importance, indicating an adaptive trait rather than detrimental characteristics. These findings indicate that curcumin in sugar formulations is highly efficient, especially DMC, proving it to be a promising and safe alternative to control Aedes mosquitoes. Moreover, Raman micro-spectroscopy demonstrated high potential as an analytical technique to understand the mechanism of action of larvicides.Objectives Many infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require prolonged periods of respiratory support. Microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) is performed to evaluate for airway pathology and facilitate decision-making regarding further airway interventions or tracheostomy. The objectives of this study are to describe the operative findings of MLB performed on infants in the NICU and determine which pre-operative characteristics or operative findings are predictive of the need for tracheostomy. Methods The medical records of preterm inpatients in the NICU at a single tertiary care hospital who underwent MLB between January 1, 2013 and January 7, 2016 were reviewed. Baseline and demographic characteristics and intra-operative findings were compared between patients who underwent tracheostomy and those who were successfully weaned from respiratory support. Results Seventy-three preterm patients underwent MLB for respiratory failure, of whom 41 (56.2%) underwent tracheostomy. Patients who underwent tracheostomy had lower mean gestational age (27.4 vs. 30.5 weeks), higher prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (73.2% vs. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mavoglurant.html Mavoglurant] 37.5%), lower mean birth weight (1.1 kg vs. 1.6 kg), and a greater number of extubation events (5.2 vs. 3.0) than those who weaned from respiratory support. Abnormal MLB findings were common in both groups, though no single MLB finding differed significantly between groups. Conclusions Preterm infants in the NICU with gestational age ≤30 weeks, birth weight less then 1.5 kg, severe pulmonary disease, and who have failed more than 3 extubation attempts are more likely to require tracheostomy.Objective Radionuclide CSF study is a simple, effective, and low-radiation-dose procedure for the assessment of shunt patency. With the help of CT image of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), the interpretation becomes more accurate and easier.The aim of this study was to compare the classical methods and 2D planar scintigraphic images with radionuclide shuntography fused SPECT/CT. Methods Between 2015-2019 all hydrocephalic patients who underwent radionuclide shuntography and classical methods (cranial CT, USG and/or direct X-rays), for suspected VP shunt malfunction at our hospital were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Fusion with SPECT/CT is provided in all radionuclide shuntographies. Approximately 0.5-1 mCi diethylene-triaminepentaaceticacid (DTPA) was intrathecally injected. Images were collected as 5-second frames for the first minute, and 1-min frames for the second to the 30th min. Static whole body images were obtained as early (30 min) and delayed (120 min) images.