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Clinicians may prefer cognitive screening tests to the FIM, in clinical practice.<br /><br /> Dysphagia is one of the most common and important complications in Huntington disease (HD), frequently leading to aspiration pneumonia and mortality. Objective estimates of prevalence using instrumental diagnostics and data on neural correlates of dysphagia in HD are scarce or lacking entirely. Similarly, its correlation with other clinical markers is still not fully known. We aimed at defining clinical risk factors and neural correlates for compromised swallowing safety in HD more precisely.<br /><br /> Thirty-four HD subjects (16 female, Shoulson &amp; Fahn Stage I-IV, two premanifest) underwent a full clinical-neurological examination including the cranial nerves, the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale total motor score, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was performed by a trained speech and language therapist. Twenty-sixsubjects additionally underwent a high-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (T1, 3-T Siemens Prisma). Moreo in favor of instrumental swallowing evaluation early in the disease.<br /><br /> The purpose of this work is to (a) demonstrate the feasibility of delivering a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) proton beam in ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) using a proton therapy synchrocyclotron as a major step toward realizing an experimental platform for preclinical studies, and (b) evaluate the response of four models of ionization chambers in such a radiation field.<br /><br /> A clinical Mevion HYPERSCAN<br /><br /> synchrocyclotron was adjusted for ultra-high dose rate proton delivery. Protons with nominal energy of 230MeV were delivered in pulses with temporal width ranging from 12.5μs to 24μs spanning from conventional to FLASH dose rates. A boron carbide absorber and a range modulator block were placed in the beam path for range modulation and creating an SOBP dose profile. The radiation field was defined by a brass aperture with 11mm diameter. Two Faraday cups were used to determine the number of protons per pulse at various dose rates. The dosimetric response of two cylindrical (IBA CC04 and CC13) and two plane-parallerespectively. The pristine Bragg peak beam had 25.6mm range. Simulation results showed that the IDD and profile flatness can be improved by the cavity diameter of the range modulator and the number of scanned spots, respectively.<br /><br /> Feasibility of delivering protons in an SOBP pattern with &gt;100Gy/s average dose rate using a clinical synchrocyclotron was demonstrated. The dose heterogeneity can be improved through optimization of the range modulator and number of delivered spots. Plane-parallel chambers with smaller gap between electrodes are more suitable for FLASH dosimetry compared to the other ion chambers used in this work.<br /><br />100 Gy/s average dose rate using a clinical synchrocyclotron was demonstrated. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html read more] The dose heterogeneity can be improved through optimization of the range modulator and number of delivered spots. Plane-parallel chambers with smaller gap between electrodes are more suitable for FLASH dosimetry compared to the other ion chambers used in this work.<br /><br /> Sleep-wake disorders are common in the general population and in most neurological disorders but are often poorly recognized. With the hypothesis that neurologists do not get sufficient training during their residency, the Young European Sleep Neurologist Association (YESNA) of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) performed a survey on postgraduate sleep education.<br /><br /> A 16-item questionnaire was developed and distributed among neurologists and residents across European countries. Questions assessed demographic, training and learning preferences in sleep disorders, as well as a self-evaluation of knowledge based on five basic multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on sleep-wake disorders.<br /><br /> The questionnaire was completed by 568 participants from 20 European countries. The mean age of participants was 31.9years (SD 7.4years) and was composed mostly of residents (73%). Three-quarters of the participants reported undergraduate training in sleep medicine, while fewer than 60% did not receive any training on sleep disorders during their residencies. Almost half of the participants (45%) did not feel prepared to treat neurological patients with sleep problems. Only one-third of the participants correctly answered at least three MCQs. Notably, 80% of participants favoured more education on sleep-wake disorders during the neurology residency.<br /><br /> Education and knowledge on disorders in European neurological residents is generally insufficient, despite a strong interest in the topic. The results of our study may be useful for improving the European neurology curriculum and other postgraduate educational programmes.<br /><br />Education and knowledge on disorders in European neurological residents is generally insufficient, despite a strong interest in the topic. The results of our study may be useful for improving the European neurology curriculum and other postgraduate educational programmes.Gene alterations are recognized as important events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. Studies on hematopoiesis of altered genes contribute to a better understanding on their roles in AML progression. Our previous work reported a DEAH box helicase 15 (DHX15) R222G mutation in AML patients, and we showed DHX15 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients. In this work, we further study the role of dhx15 in zebrafish developmental hematopoiesis by generating dhx15-/- zebrafish using transcription activator-like effector nuclease technology. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis showed hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were dramatically perturbed when dhx15 was deleted. Immunofluorescence staining indicated inhibited hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation instead of accelerated apoptosis were detected in dhx15-/- zebrafish. Furthermore, our data showed that HSPC defect is mediated through the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. DHX15 R222G mutation, a recurrent mutation identified in AML patients, displayed a compromised function in restoring HSPC failure in dhx15-/- ; Tg (hsp DHX15 R222G) zebrafish. Collectively, this work revealed a vital role of dhx15 in the maintenance of definitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish through the unfolded protein respone pathway. The study of DHX15 and DHX15 R222G mutation could hold clinical significance for evaluating prognosis of AML patients with aberrant DHX15 expression.