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CONCLUSIONS To strengthen referral networks and improve the early diagnosis of breast cancer in Uganda, national referral hospitals should provide educational programs to primary health care providers in community health centers (CHCs), at which the majority of women first present with symptoms. At secondary district-level facilities in which imaging and tissue sampling can be performed, the capacity for diagnostic testing could be increased through task shifting of basic interpretation (abnormal vs normal) from specialists to nonspecialists using networking technology to facilitate remote oversight from specialists at the national referral hospitals. © 2020 American Cancer Society.The COVID-19 pandemic has increased demand for disposable N95 respirators. Re-usable elastomeric respirators may provide a suitable alternative. Proprietary elastomeric respirator filters may become depleted as demand increases. An alternative may be the virus/bacterial filters used in anaesthesia circuits, if they can be adequately fitted onto the elastomeric respirators. In addition, many re-usable elastomeric respirators do not filter exhaled breaths. If used for sterile procedures, this would also require modification. We designed a 3D-printed adaptor that permits elastomeric respirators to interface with anaesthesia circuit filters and created a simple modification to divert exhaled breaths through the filter. We conducted a feasibility study evaluating the performance of our modified elastomeric respirators. A convenience sample of eight volunteers was recruited. Quantitative fit testing, respiratory rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide were recorded during fit testing exercises and after one hour of wear. All eight volunteers obtained excellent quantitative fit testing throughout the trial. The mean (SD) end-tidal carbon dioxide was 4.5 (0.5) kPa and 4.6 (0.4) kPa at baseline and after one hour of wear (p = 0.148). The mean (SD) respiratory rate was 16 (4) breaths.min-1 and 17 (3) breaths.min-1 at baseline and after one hour of wear (p = 0.435). Four of eight subjects self-reported discomfort; two reported facial pressure, one reported exhalation resistance and one reported transient dizziness on exertion. Reusable elastomeric respirators to utilise anaesthesia circuit filters through a 3D-printed adaptor may be a potential alternative to disposable N95 respirators during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Prescribing medicine is integral to clinical dentistry. Future dental practitioners need to have a thorough knowledge of how to prescribe safely and effectively. To date, medication knowledge among dental students in Australia has not been assessed at a national scale. METHODS Australian dental students were invited to undertake the survey comprising 12 multiple choice questions to investigate their medication knowledge. A total of 185 responses were received. The questions were 11 clinically relevant questions and 1 opinion-based question with 4 options from which to select. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/INCB18424.html INCB018424] Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The 185 respondents had a mean correct response of 6.77 ± 1.8 (range 2-11 out of 11). Out of 185 students, 142 students (77%) answered more than half of the questions correctly. Only 1 student (1%) answered all 11 questions correctly. There were 135 students (73%) who either agreed or strongly agreed that they would feel confident to prescribe safe and effective medication for their patients after having completed dental school. CONCLUSION Most respondents answered more than half, but not all, of the clinical questions correctly. Despite this, many reported confidence in their prescribing skills. Future research needs to further investigate pharmacotherapeutic knowledge to determine detailed knowledge gaps in prescribing. © 2020 American Dental Education Association.BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of self-reported dental trauma on oral-heath-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young adults and determine whether personality characteristics influenced how it was reported. METHOD A cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample of 435 university students. A questionnaire sought data on previous dental trauma. OHRQoL was assessed using the short-form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14); the outcome being one or more impacts occurring 'fairly often'/ 'very often'. Personality was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). RESULTS The participation rate was 87.2%. Dental trauma experience was reported by 110 participants (25.3%), and 242 (55.6 %) indicated previous dental caries experience. Among those with dental trauma history, one or more OHIP-14 impacts was reported by 29.1% (with 21.2% among those with no history). Impact prevalence was higher among those who had previous dental caries experience (29.8%) than among those who had not (14.7%; P less then 0.001). Higher PANAS negative affect scores were observed among those reporting one or more OHIP-14 impacts (P less then 0.001). CONCLUSION While dental trauma does not appear to have a negative impact on OHRQoL in young adults, past dental caries experience does. Negative emotionality influences self-reported oral health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of lymph node ratio (LNR) as a prognostic factor for survival and recurrence in surgically treated patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study of a tertiary healthcare system in a major metropolitan area, we reviewed 169 consecutive patients with HPV-related OPSCC treated using transoral robotic surgery. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with stratified models were used to compare LNR with other traditional clinicopathologic risk factors forrecurrence and survival. An LNR cutoff was found using the minimal P approach. RESULTS Multivariable Cox regression models showed that each additional percentage increase in LNR corresponded to an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.04 (confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.07). LNR was more significant when adjusted for adequate lymph node yield of ≥ 18 nodes (HR 5.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.