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80 and specificity of 0.54 in the test group; the AUC was 0.730 (95% confidence interval, 0.699-0.761). The AUC for the algorithm was higher than that for the Diamond-Forrester model (0.730 vs. 0.623, P &lt; 0.001) and the CAD consortium clinical score (0.730 vs. 0.652, P &lt; 0.001).<br /><br /> Our results suggested that a deep learning algorithm based on facial photos can assist in CAD detection in this Chinese cohort. This technique may hold promise for pre-test CAD probability assessment in outpatient clinics or CAD screening in community. Further studies to develop a clinical available tool are warranted.<br /><br />Our results suggested that a deep learning algorithm based on facial photos can assist in CAD detection in this Chinese cohort. This technique may hold promise for pre-test CAD probability assessment in outpatient clinics or CAD screening in community. Further studies to develop a clinical available tool are warranted.Nanoscale carbon black as virtually pure elemental carbon can deposit deep in the lungs and cause pulmonary injury. Airway remodeling assessed using computed tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural airway changes caused by carbon black exposure remain unknown. Wall and lumen areas of sixth and ninth generations of airways in 4 lobes were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 58 current carbon black packers (CBPs) and 95 non-CBPs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response. Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher level of elemental carbon exposure in CBPs, which was associated with higher wall area and lower lumen area with no change in total airway area for either airway generation. This suggested small airway wall thickening is a major feature of airway remodeling in CBPs. When compared with wall or lumen areas, wall area percent (WA%) was not affected by subject characteristics or lobar location and had greater measurement reproducibility. The effect of carbon black exposure status on WA% did not differ by lobes. CCAM was associated with WA% in a dose-dependent manner. CBPs had lower FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) than non-CBPs and mediation analysis identified that a large portion (41-72%) of the FEV1 reduction associated with carbon black exposure could be explained by WA%. Small airway wall thickening as a major imaging change detected by CT may underlie the pathology of lung function impairment caused by carbon black exposure.<br /><br /> Pharmacokinetic data are a pre-requisite to integrated implementation of large-scale mass drug administration (MDA) for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). We investigated the safety and drug interactions of a combination of azithromycin (AZI) targeting yaws and trachoma, with the newly approved ivermectin, albendazole, diethylcarbamazine (IDA) regime for Lymphatic Filariasis.<br /><br /> An open-label, randomized, 3-arm pharmacokinetic interaction study in adult volunteers was carried out in Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea. Healthy adult participants were recruited and randomized to (I) IDA alone, (II) IDA combined with AZI, (III) AZI alone. The primary outcome was lack of a clinically relevant drug interaction. The secondary outcome was the overall difference in the proportion of AEs between treatment arms.<br /><br /> Thirty-seven participants, eighteen men and nineteen women, were randomized and completed the study. There were no significant drug-drug interactions between the study arms. The GMR of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ for IVM, DEC, ALB-SOX, and AZI were within the range of 80-125% (GMR for AUC0-∞ for IVM, 87.9; DEC, 92.9; ALB-SOX, 100.0; and AZI, 100.1). There was no significant difference in the frequency of AEs across study arms (AZI and IDA alone arms 9/12 (75%), co-administration arm 12/13 (92%); p = 0.44). All AEs were grade 1 and self-limiting.<br /><br /> Co-administration of AZI with IDA did not show evidence of significant drug-interactions. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hc-7366.html selleck compound] There were no serious AEs in any of the study arms. Our data support further evaluation of the safety of integrated MDA for NTDs.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03664063.<br /><br />Co-administration of AZI with IDA did not show evidence of significant drug-interactions. There were no serious AEs in any of the study arms. Our data support further evaluation of the safety of integrated MDA for NTDs.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03664063.<br /><br /> Reports from the UK and the USA suggest that COVID-19 predominantly affects poorer neighbourhoods. This article paints a more complex picture by distinguishing between a first and second phase of the pandemic. The initial spread of infections and its correlation with socio-economic factors depends on how the virus first entered a country. The second phase of the pandemic begins when individuals start taking precautionary measures and governments implement lockdowns. In this phase the spread of the virus depends on the ability of individuals to socially distance themselves, which is to some extent socially stratified.<br /><br /> We analyse the geographical distribution of known cumulative cases and fatalities per capita in an ecological analysis across local districts in Germany distinguishing between the first and the second phase of the pandemic.<br /><br /> In Germany, the virus first entered via individuals returning from skiing in the Alps and other international travel. In this first phase we find a positive association between the wealth of a district and infection rates and a negative association with indicators of social deprivation. During the second phase and controlling for path dependency, districts with a higher share of university-educated employees record fewer new infections and deaths and richer districts record fewer deaths, districts with a higher unemployment rate record more deaths.<br /><br /> The social stratification of Covid-19 changes substantively across the two phases of the pandemic in Germany. Only in the second phase and controlling for temporal dependence does Covid-19 predominantly hit poorer districts.<br /><br />The social stratification of Covid-19 changes substantively across the two phases of the pandemic in Germany. Only in the second phase and controlling for temporal dependence does Covid-19 predominantly hit poorer districts.