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Gingival recession is an apical migration of gingival margin that is a common finding on patients with meticulous oral hygiene and periodontitis patients. Several surgical treatment techniques of gingival recession have been described. The most challenging situation is the presence of multiple adjacent recession defects. 15 patients with total of 53 recession defects have been treated with Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM). The following clinical parameters were evaluated recession depth (RD), probing depth (PD); and the width of the keratinized tissue (KT). Upon completion of the study; there was statistically significant (P-value = 0.00) reduction in recession depth from baseline, one and three years after the surgery (2.6 mm, 0.32 mm, and 0.17 mm, respectively). [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2109761.html selleckchem] There was statistically significant (P-value = 0.00) increase in the width of keratinized tissue from baseline to one year and three years (3.47 mm, 5.02 mm, and 5.40 mm, respectively). Based on this study the use of ADM with the coronally advanced flap resulted in a significant increase in keratinized tissue and percentage of root surface coverage.<br /><br /> Oral parafunctional habits are related to any abnormal hyperactivity of the oromandibular system. They are prevalent in all societies in varying intensity and have potential physical and psychological implications. The aim of this study was twofold (1) to determine the prevalence of various types of oral parafunctional habits in the Saudi adult population, and (2) to examine their association with and the level of anxiety and personality factors.<br /><br /> This cross-sectional study was conducted with an electronic data collection form distributed to the public through social media. The questionnaire comprised of the following (a) demographic information, (b) the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), (c) the Ten-Item of Big-Five Personality Traits, (d) a list of oral parafunctional habits. Data were analysed using a Pearson's Chi square and binary logistic regression.<br /><br /> The participants reported several parafunctional habits including daily gum chewing (86%), lip/object biting (59%), clenching (45%), nail biting ( adult population in varying degrees. Possible risk factors include males, younger age groups, single people, and being financially constrained.<br /><br /> Despite the general guidelines for retreatment, differences in decision making exist for secondary endodontic treatment and may be related to many factors including education, clinical experience, dentist specialty, patient preferences and economic resources. Aim of the study was to evaluate the decision making of the Saudi Board in Restorative Dentistry (SBRD) senior residents in the endodontic retreatment of molar teeth as per the scientific guidelines of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and also to identify the causes of retreatment and measure how far they become deviated from their taught retreatment principles and inter-individual variability.<br /><br /> Case histories have been obtained from the files of cases treated in the SBRD Resident Comprehensive Case Archives in the SCHS from 2003 to 2015 in Riyadh region. The cases were only confined to Complex I and Complex II cases according to RDITN (Restorative Dental Index of Treatment Need), and seen by R3 and R4 residents only. Residents' diagnosidents. Conventional nonsurgical retreatment had the highest selection by both R3 and R4 residents. No significant inter-individual variations within each group regarding the choice of retreatment. There is a need to establish evidence based guidelines for more uniform management of failed root treated teeth.<br /><br />R4 residents appeared more likely, although not significant, to choose no retreatment or follow up than R3 residents. Conventional nonsurgical retreatment had the highest selection by both R3 and R4 residents. No significant inter-individual variations within each group regarding the choice of retreatment. There is a need to establish evidence based guidelines for more uniform management of failed root treated teeth.<br /><br /> Considering that the <br /><br /> group is strongly associated with caries progression, the use of lactobacilli as probiotics must be balanced due to their possible involvement in dental caries.<br /><br /> This study aimed to detect and quantify <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> group species in the active and arrested dentinal lesions of preschoolers. It also aimed to determine the expression profiles of lactobacilli genes related to adhesion, extracellular polymeric substance regulation, and pyruvate oxidation.<br /><br /> Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from dentinal lesion samples (25 active, 13 arrested) of children between 2 and 5years of age. The samples were converted to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were performed to quantify and determine the relative abundance (measured by percentage of total bacteria) of <br /><br /> , <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> group species. The expression profiles of <br /><br /> genes (<br /><br /> and <br /><br /> and <br /><br /> genes (<br /><br /> and <br /><br /> ) were assessed. The Student <br /><br /> -test and the Mann-Whitney <br /><br /> test were used for comparisons.<br /><br /> The <br /><br /> group species were found to be part of the viable microbial community in dentinal caries. <br /><br /> (<br /><br /> =0.001), <br /><br /> (<br /><br /> =0.022), and <br /><br /> (<br /><br /> =0.004) group species were abundant in the active dentinal lesions compared to the arrested dentinal lesions. Only the <br /><br /> gene (<br /><br /> =0.006) exhibited a statistically significant difference between the active and arrested lesions in terms of its expression profile; it was expressed to a higher extent in the active dentinal lesions.<br /><br /> The <br /><br /> group species presented in large numbers in the active dentinal caries lesions, indicating that these microorganisms are related to caries activity, and the <br /><br /> gene may play an important role in caries progression.<br /><br />The L. casei group species presented in large numbers in the active dentinal caries lesions, indicating that these microorganisms are related to caries activity, and the wzb gene may play an important role in caries progression.<br /><br /> The objective of the study was to assess the in vitro fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored using different post-and-core materials.<br /><br /> Extracted human mandibular premolars (n=36) were extracted teeth and equally distributed into four (4) treatment groups cast metal post-and-core, milled zirconia post-and-core, pre-fabricated post with composite resin core and control group. These samples were then each subjected to the load to fracture test using a universal testing machine. Fracture resistance data were compared among groups by analysis of variance and Fisher's exact test.<br /><br /> The highest mean fracture resistance value was observed in the zirconia post-and-core treatment group (1567.26±317.66N), followed by the cast metal (1355.92±621.56N) and lastly the pre-fabricated post with composite resin core (725.67±251.05N) treatment group. Differences among groups were not statistically significantly different (P=3.77).<br /><br /> Endodontically treated mandibular premolars with a zirconia post-and-core system exhibited the highest robustness against structural failure based on its mean fracture resistance value. In addition, extracted teeth restored with cast post-and-core resisted a greater stress load than those restored with fiber-reinforced posts. Zirconia showed a more favorable fracture mode than the other restorations.<br /><br />Endodontically treated mandibular premolars with a zirconia post-and-core system exhibited the highest robustness against structural failure based on its mean fracture resistance value. In addition, extracted teeth restored with cast post-and-core resisted a greater stress load than those restored with fiber-reinforced posts. Zirconia showed a more favorable fracture mode than the other restorations.<br /><br /> Platelet concentrates have been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration when used as a treatment on their own or in conjunction with bone grafting materials. This systematic review aims to assess the effects of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), both alone and in combination with other conventionally used materials, on periodontal regeneration in clinical trials.<br /><br /> A systematic electronic search was performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. Specifically, we searched for English language articles published between 2009 and 2019 that conducted in-human studies and included a summary of the results. Our primary search yielded 220 articles, and of these, 110 were clinical studies. Forty-four articles were then selected for a full reading.<br /><br /> Twenty-six randomized control trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Despite the differences between the reviewed studies, most revealed the ability of PRF to promote periodontal wound healing. The positive effects of PRF were observed in clinical criteria, such as reductions in pocket probing depth (PD) and increases in clinical attachment level (CAL), as well as in the degree of defect bone fill, which was determined either radiographically or by surgical re-entry.<br /><br /> Additional studies are needed to compare the clinical outcomes of various PRF application procedures and establish standardized protocols for treating periodontal disease with PRF.<br /><br />Additional studies are needed to compare the clinical outcomes of various PRF application procedures and establish standardized protocols for treating periodontal disease with PRF.Objective  Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors. Histopathology and neuroimaging are the main modalities used for diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. However, both are expensive and insensitive methods and can cause neurological deterioration. This study aimed to develop a minimally invasive peripheral inflammatory biomarker for diagnosis of glioma, its grade, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status. Materials and Methods  Patients undergoing surgery for glioma, acoustic neuroma, and meningioma between January 2019 and December 2019 were included. Preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio (ELR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were calculated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were done postoperatively. Results  A total of 154 patients of glioma, 36 patients of acoustic neuroma, 58 patients of meningioma, and 107 healthy controls were included. dNLR showed the maximum area under the curve (AUC) (0.656639) for diagnosis of glioma from other tumors and among combinations. dNLR +NLR showed the maximum AUC (0.647865). Maximum AUC for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) versus other grades and among combinations was shown by NLR (0.83926). NLR + dNLR had the maximum AUC (0.764794). NLR showed significant p value in differentiating IDH wild from IDH mutant GBM. Conclusion  dNLR has the maximum diagnostic value in diagnosing glioma from other tumors. NLR (AUC = 0.83926) showed the highest accuracy for GBM diagnosis and may be a parameter in predicting the grade of glioma; also, it has maximum diagnostic value in differentiating IDH wild GBM from IDH mutant GBM. These peripheral inflammatory parameters may prove to be sensitive and cost-effective markers for glioma diagnosis, predicting grade of glioma, monitoring of treatment response, and in predicting recurrence.