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The azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine model is commonly used to study colitis-associated cancer. The human commensal bacterium, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) secretes the Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) which is necessary and sufficient to cause colitis. We report that BALB/c mice infected with WT-ETBF and administered three cycles of AOM/DSS developed numerous, large-sized polyps predominantly in the colorectal region. In addition, AOM/DSS-treated BALB/c mice orally inoculated with wild-type nontoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (WT-NTBF) overexpressing bft (rETBF) developed numerous polyps whereas mice infected with WT-NTBF overexpressing a biologically inactive bft (rNTBF) did not promote polyp formation. Unexpectedly, the combination of AOM+ETBF did not induce polyp formation whereas ETBF+DSS did induce polyp development in a subset of BALB/c mice. In conclusion, WT-ETBF promoted polyp development in AOM/DSS murine model with increased colitis in BALB/c mice. The model described herein provides an experimental platform for understanding ETBF-induced colonic tumorigenesis and studying colorectal cancer in wild-type mice. © The author(s).Purpose The purpose was to select a simple and reproducible method for lipid measurements of human tears with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Two sample preparation procedures were evaluated and compared the Bligh and Dyer (BD) liquid-liquid extraction method with chloroform and methanol and protein precipitation with isopropanol (IPA). Methods Reproducibility and recovery efficiencies of 20 non-endogenous internal lipid standards were tested in 10-µl tear samples from healthy subjects. The lipid coverage and the simplicity of execution were also assessed. Lipid profiles of the tear extracts were acquired with UHPLC-MS, uhpland the lipids were identified using SimLipid software. Results Both methods were robust producing good lipid coverage and reproducibility and high recovery efficiencies. The two protocols identified a 69-feature tear lipidome that covered 11 lipid classes from six different lipid categories. The main differences in recovery were due to the intrinsic lipid selectivity of each solvent. Although both methods were similarly efficient in recovering O-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acid (OAHFAs) and non-polar lipids, polar lipids were more efficiently recovered with IPA precipitation, which, in turn, exhibited higher reproducibility. In addition, IPA precipitation is automatable and simpler than the BD approach. Conclusions IPA precipitation is an excellent procedure for extracting lipids from small tear volumes for quantitative large-scale, untargeted lipid profiling, which may be useful for identifying lipid biomarkers in tears from patients with different ocular surface pathologies, allowing personalized therapies to be designed. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abc294640.html check details] Copyright © 2019 Molecular Vision.Qualitative interview styles have been guided by precedent within academic disciplines. The nature of information sought, and the role of interviewer and interviewee are key determinants across styles, which range from doxastic (focused on understanding interviewees' experiences or behaviors) to epistemic (focused on co-constructing knowledge). In this article, we position common interview styles along a doxastic-epistemic continuum, and according to the role of the interviewee (from respondent to equal partner). Through our typology and critique of interview styles, we enhance epistemic interviewing by introducing "deliberative interviews," which are more debate oriented and closer to equality in the interviewee and interviewer relationship than existing interview styles. Deliberative interviews require a comprehensive, pre-interview briefing on the subject matter followed by interactive deliberation wherein complex issues are debated across viewpoints in an effort to devise solutions. The effectiveness of this interview style in generating new knowledge warrants empirical testing across academic disciplines. © The Author(s) 2018.Cervical pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Heterotopic cervical pregnancy is much more rare scenario. This is a case of Heterotopic cervical pregnancy treated successfully by transvaginal ultrasound guided aspiration. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.Ovarian torsion is defined as partial or complete rotation of ovarian vascular pedicle, leading to the obstruction of venous outflow and arterial inflow. It is an emergency condition with an incidence of 2%-15% in patients with adnexal masses. The main risk in ovarian torsion is an ovarian mass or an enlarged ovary with a long pedicle. Due to the rotation of ovarian tissue axis on its vascular pedicle, there is compression of vessels followed by stromal edema, hemorrhagic infarction, and necrosis of adnexa. Expedient diagnosis poses a difficult challenge because clinical presentation is a variable and often misleading. We report a case of right ovarian torsion after oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization, where vaginal sildenafil citrate was successfully used to reduce ovarian edema by improving venous drainage. It also helped in maintaining ovarian tissue perfusion and preventing reperfusion injury and spontaneous detorsion of the ovary without any surgical intervention. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare condition, wherein a genetic male is phenotypically female and is raised as a female. Treatement requires timely gonadectomy, need for long term hormonal replaceent therapy, psycological and genetic counseling. The type, dose, duration of hrt is not well studied. Reproductive issues also need to be addressed in these young woman. We report here a case of complete androgen insensitivity which posed a quandary for management of long term bone health. Review of literature for management is discussed. These cases are best managed by a multi-disciplenary team comprising of gynecologist, geneticist, endocrinologist and clinical psycologist or psychiatrist. Copyright © 2019 Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences.