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Males were more likely to drink for conformity reasons. Despite this, a significant proportion (69.2%) of participants reported alcohol-related problems. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQR) results showed that overallstudents were more likely to drink for social and enhancement reasons rather than coping or conformity reasons, consistent with other studies. Nonetheless, malesin the current study were more likely to drink for conformity reasons.<br /><br /> Given the high rates of hazardous drinking, the development of an alcohol intervention may be justified, given the high response rates to peer-screening, a peer-led intervention for alcohol-related harms may yield positive results.<br /><br />Given the high rates of hazardous drinking, the development of an alcohol intervention may be justified, given the high response rates to peer-screening, a peer-led intervention for alcohol-related harms may yield positive results.<br /><br /> Conventional echocardiography is a safe, available, and accurate tool for cardiac structural and functional evaluation, but it should not cancel clinical assessment and history tacking, and indeed both are complementary. A pre-employment assessment is important for employees and community safety and suitability for a specific work requirement.<br /><br /> Aiming to assess the value of routine pre-employment echocardiography for the detection of cardiac abnormalities, we examined seven hundred ninety-five persons who were routinely referred to us for pre-employment conventional echocardiography. Only 9 persons had structural cardiac abnormalities (1.3%) and distributed as follows two had bicuspid aortic valve with isolated aortic regurgitation, one of them had mild AR, and the other had moderate AR. Two cases had mitral valve prolapse, one of them had trivial MR, while the other had a flail anterior leaflet with severe MR. One patient had atrial septal defect 1.5 cm with mild pulmonary hypertension and right-sided chapre-employment assessment and to do it only for persons with abnormal clinical or ECG findings.<br /><br />We recommend against routine echocardiography for cardiac assessment in pre-employment assessment and to do it only for persons with abnormal clinical or ECG findings.The assessment of comprehensiveness of soil conservation measures (SCMs), along with economic, social, and environmental assessments of these projects, is a prerequisite for good governance in a watershed. This study was conducted using the cause-and-effect framework of DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) to assess the comprehensiveness of SCMs in reducing the soil erosion potential of the Kond watershed area and its adverse impacts. Horticultural, mining, and ranching activities; population growth; and road network development were identified as the most important driving forces of the watershed. After determining the indicators, the integrated index was calculated based on weight calculation and standardization of values to detect changes before and after the implementation of SCMs. The results showed a decrease in soil erosion and the corresponding adverse impacts in 2019 compared with the base year, 1997, so that according to the integrated index, the soil erosion status and related impacts have decreased by 16 and 35%, respectively. Despite this decline, the watershed still has a high rate of soil erosion (26.27 t ha-1 year-1). This is because SCMs are more focused on improving the state and impacts, and there are no necessary managerial responses to the components of the driving forces and pressures. Given that the proactive approach has less contribution than the reactive approach in SCMs, in addition to the reactive approach, it is necessary to pay more attention to the proactive approach to reduce the soil erosion rate of the watershed and decrease the relevant negative impacts.Although COVID-19 largely causes respiratory complications, it can also lead to various extrapulmonary manifestations resulting in higher mortality and these comorbidities are posing a challenge to the health care system. Reports indicate that 30-60% of patients with COVID-19 suffer from neurological symptoms. To understand the molecular basis of the neurologic comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, we have investigated the genetic association between COVID-19 and various brain disorders through a systems biology-based network approach and observed a remarkable resemblance. Our results showed 123 brain-related disorders associated with COVID-19 and form a high-density disease-disease network. The brain-disease-gene network revealed five highly clustered modules demonstrating a greater complexity of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we have identified 35 hub proteins of the network which were largely involved in the protein catabolic process, cell cycle, RNA metabolic process, and nuclear transport. Perturbing these hub proteins by drug repurposing will improve the clinical conditions in comorbidity. In the near future, we assumed that in COVID-19 patients, many other neurological manifestations will likely surface. Thus, understanding the infection mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and associated comorbidity is a high priority to contain its short- and long-term effects on human health. Our network-based analysis strengthens the understanding of the molecular basis of the neurological manifestations observed in COVID-19 and also suggests drug for repurposing.Among the more than 300 functions attributed to prolactin (PRL), this hormone has been associated with the induction of neurogenesis and differentiation of olfactory neurons especially during pregnancy, which are essential for maternal behavior. Despite the original hypothesis that PRL enters the central nervous system through a process mediated by PRL receptors (PRLR) at the choroid plexus (CP), recent data suggested that PRL transport into the brain is independent of its receptors. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lee011.html Ribociclib in vivo] Based on transcriptomic data suggesting that PRL could be expressed in the CP, this work aimed to confirm PRL synthesis and secretion by CP epithelial cells (CPEC). The secretion of PRL and the distribution of PRLR in CPEC were further characterized using an in vitro model of the rat blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. RT-PCR analysis of PRL transcripts showed its presence in pregnant rat CP, in CPEC, and in the rat immortalized CP cell line, Z310. These observations were reinforced by immunocytochemistry staining of PRL in CPEC and Z310 cell cytoplasm.