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Exposure to PAHs appears to impact several bacterial in the gut microbiome, particularly sphingolipid containing bacteria. Bacterial phylotypes known to include species containing sphingolipids were generally lower in the intestines of fish subpopulations exposed to high concentrations of PAHs, inferring a complex host-microbiome relationship. Overall, killifish microbial community shifts appear to be related to a suppression of overall metabolite level, indicating a potential role of the gut in organismal response to anthropogenic environmental change. These results on microbial and metabolomics shifts are potentially linked to altered bioenergetic phenotype observed in the same PAH-resistant killifish populations in other studies.During the second half of the 20th century in South Korea, interbasin water transfers (IBWTs) have been used to supply the water demands of basins with insufficient water using water from reservoirs in neighboring basins with ample water. However, since 2000, frequent droughts have resulted in water resource imbalances in donor basins, and basin residents have begun to claim their water rights. Recipient basins have also experienced water shortages and water quality deterioration due to gradual urban growth, agricultural activities, and climate change impacts. In this study, the Mangyeong River basin (1602 km2) was investigated. This basin has received 380 million m3/year of water since 2002 from the Yongdam multipurpose dam (YDD), which is located in another basin. For IBWT modeling, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and an inlet function were applied to model the recipient and donor water quality. Eight scenarios related to water transfer quantity and quality were applied with SWAT to analyze the effects of IBWT on the water quality in the recipient basin. The results showed that an increase in the IBWT amount helped to reduce the nutrient and suspended solids concentrations in the recipient basin when the donor's nutrient and suspended solids concentrations were lower than those in the recipient basin. The IBWT quantity scenarios had a greater impact on the water quality of the recipient basin than the IBWT quality scenarios. These results could provide basic information for use in deciding on the quantity and quality of IBWT between basins that are in conflict.Solvent-treated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was recently introduced as a passive sampler for determining bioavailable concentrations, i.e., freely dissolved concentrations. However, the much knowledge required to obtain accurate bioavailable concentrations using the thus treated PMMA, applied in a marine environment, is still lacking. In this study, uptake experiments with PMMA after solvent treatment were conducted to investigate its uptake capacity and the effects of water temperature and salinity on the PMMA-water partition coefficient (KPMMA-W) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Thus, PMMA passive samplers preloaded with performance reference compounds were exposed to seawater to first estimate the deployment time and then to confirm if the PMMA could give the residual concentrations of PAH in mussel. The less hydrophobic PAHs (log octanol-water partition coefficient less then 5.5) had higher uptake capacity of PMMA-uptake was increased by a factor of up to 10. Whereas for these PAHs the KPMMA-W values and seawater temperature showed a parabolic relationship, the effect of salinity on KPMMA-W was not observed. The less hydrophobic PAH concentrations in seawater can be measured using the PMMA passive sampler over a period of about three weeks. For the PAHs detected in both PMMA and mussel, the PAH concentrations in mussel predicted from PMMA were found to be within one order of magnitude of the measured concentrations. This, therefore, suggests that solvent-treated PMMA could be used as a passive sampler to provide information on bioavailable concentrations for less hydrophobic PAHs.Biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning. Top down effects of amphibian declines on the trophic food web of the forest floor are poorly understood. Here we quantify and explain the effects of disease-driven loss of salamanders on the dynamics of forest leaf litter. Using paired mesocosms, within a Belgian forest, we tested the effect of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) presence on the trophic cascade that results in the decomposition rate of good quality (maple - Acer pseudoplatanus) and poorer quality (oak - Quercus robur) leaf litter, over an 18 month period. The presence of salamanders reduced decomposition rate of Quercus litter up to 20%. This was associated with a significantly higher predation rate on detritivores, which altered the functional composition of the invertebrate community. Functional composition analysis of the litter microbiome showed less bacteria associated with leaf litter degradation on the Quercus litter in the presence of salamanders. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nutlin-3a.html Nutlin-3a solubility dmso] Salamanders thus influence ecosystem functions through trophic cascades and promote the retention of the leaf litter fraction in poorer quality litter.Environmental BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) and its metabolite BPDE (benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide) inhibit proliferation of human villous trophoblast cells, which might further induce recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work, we identified a novel lncRNA HZ01 (lnc-HZ01) that is up-regulated in both RM tissues and BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells. Lnc-HZ01 inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation and induces miscarriage. Mechanistically, lnc-HZ01 promotes MXD1 mRNA transcription by up-regulating its transcription factor c-JUN and also enhances MXD1 protein stability by up-regulating its deubiquitin enzyme USP36. Reversely, MXD1 up-regulates lnc-HZ01 level by enhancing its RNA stability due to the increased level of m6A RNA methylation on lnc-HZ01, the first example that m6A modification regulates trophoblast cell functions. Thus, lnc-HZ01 and MXD1 comprise a positive self-feedback loop, which is up-regulated in both RM tissues and BPDE-exposed trophoblast cells. Once this loop is activated by BaP or BPDE exposure, both pathways in this loop would be up-regulated, promote EIF4E transcription, inhibit trophoblast cell proliferation, and further induce miscarriage. This work provides new clinical and scientific understanding in unexplained miscarriage.