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Lifestyle behaviors are modifiable factors that can provide information for designing intervention strategies for sarcopenia. The present study aimed to identify the relationships between a range of daily lifestyle behaviors and sarcopenia risks among older adults.<br /><br /> A nationwide telephone-based survey targeting older adults (≥65 years) was performed in Taiwan. Data based on self-reported daily lifestyle behaviors (food selection, physical activity, sitting time, and sleep duration), the presence or absence of sarcopenia (measured by SARC-F), and personal characteristics were obtained. Binary logistic regression models were applied.<br /><br /> A total of 1068 older adults participated in this survey. In the adjusted model, older adults who selected unbalanced foods (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.34), engaged in insufficient physical activity (OR = 5.14, 95% CI = 3.04-8.70), and sat for longer periods of time (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.09-3.59) were more likely to have higher risks of sarcopenia. No significant association was observed for sleep duration.<br /><br /> The results of this study highlight that, among health behaviors, an unbalanced food selection (six nutrients), not meeting physical activity recommendations (150 min/week), and a higher sitting time (≥7 h/day) were risk factors for sarcopenia among older adults. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/otub2-in-1.html Ubiquitin inhibitor] Intervention programs for sarcopenia prevention in older adults should focus on promoting balanced food selection, sufficient physical activity, and reduced sitting time.<br /><br />The results of this study highlight that, among health behaviors, an unbalanced food selection (six nutrients), not meeting physical activity recommendations (150 min/week), and a higher sitting time (≥7 h/day) were risk factors for sarcopenia among older adults. Intervention programs for sarcopenia prevention in older adults should focus on promoting balanced food selection, sufficient physical activity, and reduced sitting time.<br /><br /> A low-grade inflammation is associated with cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and increased concentration of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was found in individuals with type 1 diabetes and definitive CAN. This cross-sectional study evaluated plasma concentration of LTB4 and of other inflammatory mediators, namely, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)1B, and IL10 in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different degrees of CAN, and correlated these inflammatory mediators with the degree of glycemic control and with a surrogate marker of insulin resistance.<br /><br /> TNF, IL1B, IL10 and LTB4 plasma concentrations were measured in 129 T2D subjects (62% women with [median] age of 63years, disease duration of 8years and HbA1c of 7.3%) with or without CAN. The Lipid accumulation product index was used as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance.<br /><br /> LTB4 concentration was significantly higher in those presenting incipient CAN (69.7 ± 16.6pgmL<br /><br /> ) and definitive CAN (71.5 ± 15.7pgmL<br /><br /> ) versus those without CAN (57.0 ± 13.9pgmL<br /><br /> ). The groups without CAN and with incipient CAN were pooled (group without definitive CAN) and compared to those with definitive CAN. LTB4 concentration was higher in the latter group, as well as TNF concentration, while IL10 concentration was lower in this group. After adjustment for confounding variables, only LTB4 concentration remained significantly different between the groups with and without definitive CAN. Plasma concentration of LTB4 did not correlate with the degree of glycemic control. After sorting the participants by sex, a borderline weak correlation was found between LTB4 and the Lipid accumulation product index in women.<br /><br /> In the T2D setting, circulating LTB4 concentration seems to be associated with cardiovascular dysautonomia.<br /><br />In the T2D setting, circulating LTB4 concentration seems to be associated with cardiovascular dysautonomia.<br /><br /> Habitat loss can force animals to relocate to new areas, where they would need to adjust to an unfamiliar resource landscape and find new breeding sites. Relocation may be costly and could compromise reproduction.<br /><br /> Here, we explored how the Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus), a colonial breeding seabird species with a wide ecological niche, responds to the loss of its breeding habitat. We investigated how individuals adjusted their foraging behaviour after relocating to another colony due to breeding site destruction, and whether there were any reproductive consequences in the first years after relocation. To this end, we compared offspring growth between resident individuals and individuals that recently relocated to the same colony due to breeding habitat loss. Using GPS-tracking, we further investigated the foraging behaviour of resident individuals in both colonies, as well as that of relocated individuals, as enhanced foraging effort could represent a potential driver of reproductive costs.<br /><br /> We breeding) habitat loss.<br /><br />Our results imply that relocated individuals did not yet optimally adapt to the new food landscape, which was unexpected, given the social information on foraging locations that may have been available from resident neighbours in their new breeding colony. Even though the short-term reproductive costs were comparatively low, we show that generalist species, such as the Lesser black-backed gull, may be more vulnerable to habitat loss than expected. Long term studies are needed to investigate how long individuals are affected by their relocation in order to better assess potential population effects of (breeding) habitat loss.A maladaptive response to surgical stress might lead to postoperative complications. A multidisciplinary approach aimed at controlling the surgical stress response may reduce procedural complications and improve patients' quality of life in the short and long term. Several studies suggest that psychological interventions may interact with the pathophysiology of surgical stress response, potentially influencing wound repair, innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, perception of pain, and patients' mood. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the effects of perioperative psychological interventions on surgical pain and/or anxiety in adult patients scheduled for elective general abdominal and/or urologic surgery.We conducted a systematic review of controlled clinical trials and observational studies involving psychological interventions for adult patients scheduled for elective general abdominal and/or urologic surgery. Only studies reporting pain and/or anxiety among outcome measures were included in the systematic review.