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extracellular matrix associated with pelvic organ prolapse.<br /><br /> The objectives of this study are (1) to estimate the incidence of midurethral sling revision/removal in women with preexisting pain diagnoses versus those without these diagnoses and (2) to describe associations between numbers and type of pain diagnoses with revision/removal.<br /><br /> Women who underwent midurethral sling surgery between 2009 through 2014 were identified in the MarketScan database and tracked and December 31, 2014. Patients with preoperative chronic pain diagnoses (fibromyalgia, endometriosis, irritable bowel, dyspareunia, low back pain, temporomandibular joint syndrome, interstitial cystitis, pelvic/perineal pain) were compared with controls (those without these diagnoses) regarding mesh sling revision/removal. Logistic regression identified variables associated with mesh revision/removal, and survival analysis compared timing of mesh removal/revision.<br /><br /> There were 161,459 women who underwent midurethral sling surgery (pain, 83,484; nonpain, 77,975). Pain and nonpain groups differed in age (52.1 and numbers of diagnoses increased this risk.<br /><br />Chronic pain diagnoses increased risk of midurethral sling revision/removal; pelvic pain and numbers of diagnoses increased this risk.<br /><br /> Increased levels of outdoor light have been found to be associated causally with decreased rates of myopia. The goal of this study was to measure the effect of indoor nursery school light intensity on refraction of preschool children in Israel.<br /><br /> A total of 1596 children aged 4 to 5 years from 27 nursery schools were examined. Light intensity was tested with a luxmeter device (Lux) inside and outside the nursery school. Noncycloplegic refractions were measured with the PlusOptix vision A09 screening device. Data analysis was performed using Pearson coefficients, chi-square tests for proportions and ANOVA tests by tertiles of illuminance.<br /><br /> This study included 1131 kindergarten children with a mean age of 4.87 ± 0.33 years, of which 571 were female (50.5%). The mean light intensity of the low, medium, and high intensity groups differed significantly (ANOVA P &lt; 0.001) at 359 ± 2.64 lux (range 264-431), 490 ± 2.21 lux (range 432-574), and 670.76 ± 3.73 lux (range 578-804), respectively. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) was +0.56 ± 0.03D for the low-intensity group, +0.73 ± 0.03D for the medium-intensity group, and +0.89 ± 0.03D for the high-intensity group (ANOVA P &lt; 0.001). The low-intensity group had 42.1% of children with zero refraction or less, while the high-intensity group had 19.3%.<br /><br /> In the nursery schools, lower amounts of illumination were associated with less hyperopic refractive error. As the low hyperopic reserve is a risk factor for developing myopia, this finding needs to be followed up to establish whether this association reflects a causal relationship, which could be modulated for the prevention of myopia.<br /><br />In the nursery schools, lower amounts of illumination were associated with less hyperopic refractive error. As the low hyperopic reserve is a risk factor for developing myopia, this finding needs to be followed up to establish whether this association reflects a causal relationship, which could be modulated for the prevention of myopia.<br /><br /> To assess the prevalence of near and correctable distance visual impairment among screened participants in the garment industry and to explore associations with income, age, and urban versus rural residence.<br /><br /> Vision screenings were conducted at 4 garment factories, 2 urban and 2 rural locations during September and October 2019. Distance vision impairment was the presence of uncorrected vision of &lt;6/12 in either eye, correctable to ≥6/7.5 with distance refraction. Near vision impairment was defined as 1 or more of the following 1) either eye with presenting near vision &lt;N8 at 40 cm with distance visual acuity &gt;6/12 in the same eye; 2) having been prescribed near add spectacle power in examination records; and/or 3) clinical diagnosis of presbyopia at the time of screening. Demographic information and monthly income were self-reported by questionnaire completion.<br /><br /> Among 915 participating workers (100% female, 18 to 70 years), 29.2% (n = 267) and 26.8% (n = 245) had correctable distance and near vikers, particularly rural dwellers, and at a younger age than expected. The high prevalence and association between near vision impairment and lower income suggest that focusing on industries with a high proportion of female workers, such as readymade garments, may be effective in addressing gender disparities in vision impairment and its economic impact.<br /><br />This study found high rates of near vision impairment among female garment workers, particularly rural dwellers, and at a younger age than expected. The high prevalence and association between near vision impairment and lower income suggest that focusing on industries with a high proportion of female workers, such as readymade garments, may be effective in addressing gender disparities in vision impairment and its economic impact.<br /><br /> Low health literacy (HL) adversely affects medical adherence and health outcomes in patients with chronic diseases. However, the association between HL and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) adherence and postoperative outcomes has not been investigated in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.<br /><br /> The data of all patients from a single academic institution who underwent colorectal surgery on an ERAS pathway from January 2019 to July 2020 were prospectively collected. HL levels were assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS), a proven tool that was used by surgeons after recruitment. According to the HL score, the participants were categorized into low HL (≤9 points) and high HL (10-15 points) groups. The primary outcome was ERAS adherence. Adherence was measured in 22 perioperative elements, and high adherence was defined as adherence to 17 to 22 elements. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, mortality, and readmissions.<br /><br /> l (CI), 2.50-5.09; P &lt; .001). In addition, low HL levels were associated with a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications (32.1% vs 20.8%; P &lt; .01), longer hospital LOS (9 [interquartile range IQR, 7-11] vs 7 [IQR, 6-9] d; P &lt; .001), and higher hospital charges (10,489 [IQR, 8995-11942] vs 8466 [IQR, 7733-9384] dollar; P &lt; .001) among propensity-matched patients. However, there were no differences in the mortality and readmission rates between the HL groups.<br /><br /> Low HL levels were associated with lower adherence to ERAS elements among propensity-matched patients undergoing colorectal surgery.<br /><br />Low HL levels were associated with lower adherence to ERAS elements among propensity-matched patients undergoing colorectal surgery.Elevated troponin levels within 3 days of surgery, independent of the presence of symptoms, are strongly linked to increased risk of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. However, the value of screening with troponin measurements is controversial. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines on perioperative cardiac risk assessment and management for patients who undergo noncardiac surgery recommends measuring daily troponin for 48 to 72 hours after surgery in high-risk patients. Nevertheless, others doubt this recommendation, in part because postoperative elevated levels of troponin describe very little in terms of disease or event-specific pathogenesis and etiology, and thus, tailoring an intervention remains a challenge. This Pro-Con debate offers evidence-based data to stimulate physician understanding of daily practice and its significance in this matter, and assist in determining whether to use (Pro) or not to use (Con) this surveillance.<br /><br /> Distant spread of pituitary adenoma outside the sellar/suprasellar region is classified as pituitary carcinoma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-born spread of pituitary adenoma can occur after tumor cell spillage into the CSF space after surgery, irradiation, or apoplexy and is not necessarily related to intrinsic tumor biology.<br /><br /> To systematically review the literature and describe the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with pituitary carcinomas. We further present 2 cases from our institution.<br /><br /> A single-center retrospective review of patients with pituitary adenoma spread to distant intracranial locations between 2000 and 2020 was performed. Electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 25, 2021, and studies describing patients with pituitary spread to distant locations were included.<br /><br /> Of 1210 pituitary adenoma cases reviewed, 2 (0.16%) showed tumor spread to distant locations. We found 134 additional cases (from 108 published articles) resulting in a total of 136 cases (61.9% were male). The time to tumor spread ranged between 0 and 516 months (median 96 months). The follow-up duration ranged between 0 and 240 months (median 11.5 months). All but 2 patients (98.5%) underwent surgical resection before adenoma spread. The 2 exceptions included a patient with evidence of an apoplectic event on autopsy and another patient with leptomeningeal pituitary spread but an unclear history of apoplexy. Elevated tumor markers were not linked to poor outcomes.<br /><br /> Distant spread of pituitary adenoma may occur after surgery, irradiation, or apoplexy. It is not necessarily associated with a malignant clinical course.<br /><br />Distant spread of pituitary adenoma may occur after surgery, irradiation, or apoplexy. It is not necessarily associated with a malignant clinical course.<br /><br /> Although aspirin has been adopted as an effective and safe prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) by the arthroplasty community, the role of aspirin in the prevention of VTE in the setting of arthroplasty for trauma remains insufficiently known. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ezm0414.html EZM0414] Therefore, the present multicenter study investigated the efficacy of aspirin as VTE prophylaxis for patients with femoral neck fracture undergoing total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty.<br /><br /> We reviewed the medical records of 1,141 patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty from 2008 to 2018 at 3 different institutions. Data on patient demographic characteristics, body mass index, history of VTE, and comorbidities were obtained from an electronic chart query and were confirmed by reviewing the medical records manually. Patients were allocated to cohorts based on the type of prophylaxis administered aspirin (n = 454) and other anticoagulants (n = 687). Patients were then propensity score-matched on the bas for a complete description of levels of evidence.<br /><br />Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.<br /><br /> Studies of survivorship of primary total ankle replacements (TARs) beyond 5 years have shown varying results among early and modern designs. National cohorts give valuable insights about TAR outcomes, revision risk factors, and specific designs. The purpose of this study was to investigate implant survivorship and risk factors for revision of contemporary TARs using our national database.<br /><br /> This observational study included patients identified in the national PMSI (Programme médicalisé des systèmes d'information) database as having undergone TAR from 2010 to 2019. Demographics, discharge data, concomitant procedures, and type of implant were extracted. Kaplan-Meier estimations were performed to determine time to revision using metal component revision for implant failure and revision for deep infection as end points. Weighted Cox models were used for risk factor analysis, including risks of early revision (within the first 2 years). The adjusted hazard ratios (HRadj) were reported with 95% confidence intervals.