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This manuscript aims to highlight the risk of Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia (VAP) in COVID-19 inpatients. The co-infection has the potential to worsen clinical condition and increase mortality in these patients, as well as to prolong and increase the costs of hospitalization. Preventing, identifying and treating early VAP can increase the chances of successful treatment in patients with COVID-19.As part of an ongoing effort to develop new anti-tubercular agents, a series of novel indole-fused spirochromene hybrids (7a-l) were efficiently synthesized in excellent yields by the popular 'Fisher-Indole synthesis' approach. The structure elucidation of the target compounds was carried out by different spectral techniques including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI Mass, and FTIR analysis. Additionally, the proposed structure of 7i was proved by single-crystal X-ray analysis. These compounds (7a-l) were screened for in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) strain. The results showed that most of the targets exhibited promising antimycobacterial activity with MICs of 1.56-6.25 μg/mL and weak cytotoxicity (19.93-32.16% at 50 μg/mL). Among them, compound 7l was found to be the most active compound (MIC of 1.56 μg/mL) with a good safety profile (32.16% at 50 μg/mL).Purpose Efficacy of treosulfan, used in the treatment of marrow disorders, depends on the activity of its monoepoxy-(EBDM) and diepoxy compounds. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pixantrone-maleate.html Pixantrone mw] The study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of treosulfan and EBDM in the rat plasma and brain by means of mixed-effects modelling. Methods The study had a one-animal-per-sample design and included ninty-six 10-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes. Treosulfan and EBDM concentrations in the brain and plasma were measured by an HPLC-MS/MS method. The population pharmacokinetic model was established in NONMEM software with a first-order estimation method with interaction. Results One-compartment pharmacokinetic model best described changes in the concentrations of treosulfan in plasma, and EBDM concentrations in plasma and in the brain. Treosulfan concentrations in the brain followed a two-compartment model. Both treosulfan and EBDM poorly penetrated the blood-brain barrier (ratio of influx and efflux clearances through the blood-brain barrier was 0.120 and 0.317 for treosulfan and EBDM, respectively). Treosulfan plasma clearance was significantly lower in male rats than in females (0.273 L/h/kg vs 0.419 L/h/kg). Conclusions The developed population pharmacokinetic model is the first that allows the prediction of treosulfan and EBDM concentrations in rat plasma and brain. These results provide directions for future studies on treosulfan regarding the contribution of transport proteins or the development of a physiological-based model.Adults with dyslexia may find difficulties in reading the messages on variable message signs (VMS) while driving. These signs are an essential part of the traffic communication systems, aimed at informing road users of special circumstances, such as congestion, traffic diversion, or unexpected events. A driving simulation experiment was conducted to test if complementary audio versions of the VMS would be helpful for drivers with dyslexia. Twenty adults with dyslexia and 20 matched controls participated. They were asked to classify the messages displayed on VMS posted along a simulated route, which was completed twice one with text VMS (visual condition), and another one with text VMS plus complementary audio messages (audio + visual condition). The results showed that in the ordinary, visual condition, the participants with dyslexia needed to be closer to the VMS than controls to correctly classify the message, but, crucially, these group differences vanished when the driver received an audio version of the message (audio + visual condition). Moreover, the availability of audio versions had positive effects for all participants, as shown by higher accuracy in the message classification task, as well as better driving performance. Therefore, technologies aimed at providing audio versions of VMS can help drivers with dyslexia. A mobile application, READit VMS, which is able to provide real-time complementary audio versions of VMS, is presented as an example.The original version of this article was published without open access. With the author(s)' decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed.].COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. According to current literature, impairment of SARS-CoV-2 clearance due to genetic and viral features, lower levels of interferons, increased neutrophil extracellular traps, and increased pyroptosis and probable other unknown mechanisms create a background for severe disease course complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and cytokine storm. Various genetic mutations may also constitute a risk factor for severe disease course and occurrence of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Once, immunologic complications like cytokine storm occur, anti-viral treatment alone is not enough and should be combined with appropriate anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-rheumatic drugs, which are tried for managing immunologic complications of COVID-19 infection, will also be discussed including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, JAK inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, anti-TNF-α agents, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and colchicine. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of immunologic complications will decrease the morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 infection, which requires the collaboration of infectious disease, lung, and intensive care unit specialists with other experts such as immunologists, rheumatologists, and hematologists.The emergent COVID-19 pandemic dictates an urgent switch to teleconsultation. India has high patient to rheumatologist ratio, and patients have limited concepts about telemedicine. Thus, we attempted to find the feasibility and acceptance of patients in switching to teleconsultation. The CARE rheumatology clinic at Kerala, India, caters to average 170 (range 140-240) patients per day. Patients with prefixed appointments had two-level screening for eligibility for teleconsultation. Those eligible were given the option for teleconsultation on the widely available WhatsApp app. Of those who completed teleconsultations, 100 were chosen at random to provide feedback. In the first 7 days, out of 1469 appointments, 975 were found eligible for teleconsultation. Of these, 723 (74%) opted for it. The average footfall in the clinic was reduced to 67 (range 29-117). The proportion of patients accepting teleconsultations increased with time. Amongst the 100 respondents, median satisfaction was 9 (IQR 8-10) and recommendation for continuing was 9.