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maltophilia requiring administration of TMP/SMX. However, TMP/SMX led to the development of AKI, which continued to worsen despite appropriate management including hemodialysis. This coincided with and most likely resulted in the patient's clinical deterioration and ultimate death. CONCLUSIONS The etiology of kidney disease involvement in patients with COVID-19 is still evolving and appears to be multifactorial. The condition can significantly worsen especially when nephrotoxic agents are given, probably due to a cumulative or synergistic effect. Great caution should be taken when administering nephrotoxic agents in the setting of COVID-19 as it can lead to adverse patient outcomes.BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common fracture in the elderly. Conservative treatment requires prolonged bedding, which may lead to serious complications. To explore optimized use of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures, in this study, we used C-arm-guided and double-arm digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided PKP to treat OVCF in elderly patients and analyzed the effective recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS In all, 60 patients who presented with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures at our hospital between July 2017 and February 2019 were analyzed. They were randomly divided into C-arm-guided group and the double-arm DSA-guided groups. Both groups were treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty. RESULTS A pain VAS score analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups before surgery (P&gt;0.05). After surgery, the VAS scores showed a significant difference between the C-arm-guided group and the double-arm DSA-guided PKP treatment group (P less then 0.01). Moreover, with respect to the bone cement dosage, vertebral correction height, operation time, cumulative radiation dose, percolation rate, and volume of bone cement, the double-arm DSA-guided PKP treatment showed significantly better results than the C-arm-guided PKP treatment (P less then 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed that double-arm DSA-guided PKP was more accurate in treatment of senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures, producing excellent performance with more accurate intraoperative evaluation, shorter operative time, lower incidence of bone cement leakage, less intraoperative radiation dose, and higher safety, and thus, could be extensively applied to clinical surgery.BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by a reduction in bone density, resulting in high death rates and high costs among patients worldwide. This study investigated the associations among age, anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density (BMD) in southeast Chinese adults and evaluated the characteristics of southeast Chinese adults at high risk of osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study enrolled 424 female and 265 male volunteers. Height, weight and BMD were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Based on their BMD T-scores, female and male participants were divided into groups with osteoporosis (OG1) and osteopenia (OG2) and a normal group (NG). RESULTS The findings revealed no significant correlations between BMD and anthropometric parameters in either gender. However, a significant negative correlation was noted between BMD and age in the female participants, and a significant positive correlation was observed between BMD and age in the male participants. Multiple comparisons between groups revealed that women in the OG1 and OG2 groups were significantly older than those in the NG group. CONCLUSIONS Age, anthropometric parameters and BMD correlate differently between groups and genders in southeast Chinese adults.BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to show whether the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). MATERIAL AND METHODS Bleomycin (BLM) was used for establishing the PF mouse model. The mice were treated with a gradient of EGb761 for 28 days to determine an appropriate drug dose. On day 28, the effect of EGb761 on lung injury and inflammation was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining and evaluated by pulmonary alveolitis and Ashcroft score. The balance of M1/M2 macrophages was evaluated with the respective markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and and interleukin-10 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SNS-032.html BMS-387032 ic50] Furthermore, the expressions of fibrosis-associated protein alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), related inflammatory protein transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1, the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (p65) were assessed by western blot. RESULTS On day 28, PF was induced by treating with BLM, whereas EGb761 suppressed the PF of lung tissue. The BLM-induced imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages was reduced by EGb761. Furthermore, the increasing amounts of alpha-SMA and TGF-ß1 induced by BLM were suppressed by EGb761. link2 In addition, the protein or messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of phosphorylated NF-kappaB (p65), caspase-3, and caspase-9 were upregulated, whereas Bax and Bcl-2 were downregulated. Treatment with EGb761 restored the levels of these proteins except for caspase-9. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated the protective effect of EGb761 on BLM-induced PF by regulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophages and NF-kappaB (p65)-mediated apoptosis. The results demonstrated the potential clinical therapeutic effect of EGb761, providing a novel possibility for curing PF.BACKGROUND Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitis (AHNE) is a rare manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. AHNE usually involves the subcortical white matter but not the cortical grey matter. This study describes the disruptive effects of AHNE associated with SARS-CoV-2 on cognitive function in a previously healthy and sound middle-aged woman resulting from alterations in cortical areas involved in the cognitive network. CASE REPORT A 44-year-old previously healthy woman with a history of inter-state travel developed a flu-like illness, followed by acute, steadily progressive cognitive impairment. She was admitted in a comatose state after a first tonic-clonic seizure. Blood tests were non-informative. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was indicative of AHNE. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed mild lymphocytosis with normal protein and normal glucose but an elevated IgG index. After testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, she was administered steroids. Treatment was ineffective, and the patient died. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 is a potential central nervous system (CNS) pathogen, which may manifest as AHNE. These patients may present with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and frontal dysexecutive syndrome, with cognitive impairment being the presenting feature of neuro-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The patient described in this report is unique for acute-onset and isolated cognitive impairments due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of clinical or radiological respiratory manifestations. These findings may help in the early detection and diagnosis of neuro-COVID-19, especially among clinicians and neurologists working in areas of endemic SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br /><br /> The role of CD4+ Treg in immune responses has been well established. More recently, a role of CD8+ T regulatory cells (CD8 Treg) in the regulation of immune responses in health and autoimmune diseases has been investigated. Furthermore, different investigators have used different markers to define CD8 Treg. Finally, regulatory effects of CD8 Treg have been studied against T-cell responses; however, their role in regulating B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production has not been evaluated. Therefore, in this study we examined the effect of two types of CD8 Treg on B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production.<br /><br /> Purified CD8+ T cells were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 for 48 h and then sorted into two different types of CD8 Treg as defined by two different sets of markers, CD8+CD183+CD197+CD45RA- and CD8+CD183+CD25highCD278+. Purified B cells were cocultured with sorted CD8 Treg at 11, 11/2, and 11/4 ratios and activated with anti-CD40 and CpG. B-cell proliferation was assessed by the CFSE dye dilution assay and immunoglobulin production by the ELISA assay.<br /><br /> Our data show CD183+CD197+CD45RA-CD8 Treg significantly inhibited B-cell proliferation and inhibited IgM and IgG production but not IgA production at 11 ratio only. However, CD183+CD25highCD278+CD8 Treg inhibited significantly B-cell proliferation at 11 and 11/2 ratios and IgM, IgG, and IgA production at all ratios.<br /><br /> CD8 Treg regulate B-cell responses, and CD183+CD25highCD278+CD8 Treg are more powerful regulators of B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production than CD183+CD197+CD45RA-CD8 Treg and, therefore, may be used as preferred markers for CD8 Treg.<br /><br />CD8 Treg regulate B-cell responses, and CD183+CD25highCD278+CD8 Treg are more powerful regulators of B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production than CD183+CD197+CD45RA-CD8 Treg and, therefore, may be used as preferred markers for CD8 Treg.<br /><br /> The number of people living with dementia is growing worldwide and most rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Little is known about dementia in Benin. We estimated the prevalence of dementia among retired people in Parakou, a northern city in Benin, and then assessed associated factors.<br /><br /> A cross-sectional study was performed in Parakou from July to August 2014. Participants were recruited at 2 centers, the National Center of Social Security and the Public Treasury of Benin. Participants with cognitive impairment were defined as having a low cognitive score (&lt;7) for the brief version of the Community Screening Interview for Dementia and were invited to neurological examination. DSM-IV-TR criteria were used to diagnose dementia and the HACHINSKI score was used to differentiate dementia subtypes. link3 A logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with dementia.<br /><br /> Overall, 440 retired people were included in the study. They were mainly male (92.3%) and their mean age was 64.9 ± tion becomes more significant.<br /><br /> Lipid peroxidation products are present following oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the eye, brain, and various cell membranes. Elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products and increased intermittent hypoxemia (IH) events have been associated with adverse outcomes in extremely preterm infants. The moderate preterm newborn has a still-developing oxidant defense system and immature respiratory control, but little is known about lipid peroxidation levels and IH in this larger and more common preterm population.<br /><br /> To determine the association between oxidative stress and IH in moderate preterm infants.<br /><br /> Oxygen saturation was continuously monitored in 51 moderate preterm infants (i.e., 31 + 0/7 to 33 + 6/7 weeks' gestation). Urine samples were collected at the end of the first and second weeks of life. Samples were analyzed for total lipid peroxidation products (neurofurans, isofurans, neuroprostanes, isoprostanes, and di-homo-isofurans).<br /><br /> At week 1, there was a correlation between increased IH frequency and neurofurans (p &lt; 0.