Zobrazení zdroje stránky Grimesrobbins4455

The interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) and the parasitoid Coptera haywardi (Oglobin), as potential biological control agents for Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) fruit flies, was evaluated under laboratory and semi-protected field cage conditions. The effects of the parasitoids and fungus were individually and jointly assessed in Plexiglas cages. Application of B. bassiana dry conidia to soil produced 40% mortality in A. obliqua adults. However, mortality was lower (21.2%) on evaluation under field cage conditions. According to the multiple decrement life table analysis, the probability of death of A. obliqua was 88% when C. haywardi parasitoids and B. bassiana conidia were used in conjunction, 89% when only C. haywardi parasitoids were released and 23% when only B. bassiana conidia were applied. These results demonstrate that no synergistic, additive or antagonistic interaction took place with the simultaneous use of these natural enemies, since the presence of B. bassiana had no effect on the C. haywardi parasitism. These results indicate that the parasitoid is a better natural enemy for the control of A. obliqua, and show that, although the two biological control agents can be used simultaneously, their joint application will not produce increased control. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly poisonous gas with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs. Previous studies of H2S have primarily focused on its effects on mammalian nervous and respiratory systems. In this study, silkworm developmental parameters and changes in metabolites in response to H2S exposure were investigated using a hemolymph metabolomic approach, based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The developmental parameters, body weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio, were noticeably increased following H2S exposure, with the greatest effects observed at 7.5-μM H2S. Metabolites upregulated under H2S exposure (7.5 μM) were related to inflammation, and included (6Z, 9Z, 12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, choline phosphate, and malic acid, while hexadecanoic acid was downregulated. Identified metabolites were involved in biological processes, including pyrimidine, purine, and fatty acid metabolism, which are likely to affect silk gland function. These results demonstrate that H2S is beneficial to silkworm development and alters metabolic pathways related to spinning function and inflammation. The present study provides new information regarding the potential functions of H2S in insects and metabolic pathways related to this phenomenon. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.OBJECTIVE Persistent vulvovaginal pain affects many women and often has adverse effects on sexual functioning. Psychological inflexibility related to pain is associated with distress and functional disability across different types of chronic pain conditions, but little is known about the role of psychological inflexibility in vulvovaginal pain. The present study examines psychological inflexibility related to pain as a predictor of sexual functioning over time among women with vulvovaginal pain. METHODS Questionnaires including measures of psychological inflexibility, pain severity, and sexual functioning were administered to female university students at two points in time. One hundred thirty women with vulvovaginal pain responded to the questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up after 10 months. A multiple regression model was used to explore psychological inflexibility and pain severity as predictors of sexual functioning at follow-up. RESULTS Higher levels of psychological inflexibility and more severe pain at baseline were associated with poorer sexual functioning 10 months later. In analysis adjusting for baseline levels of sexual functioning, psychological inflexibility was the only significant predictor of sexual functioning at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide preliminary evidence that psychological inflexibility is associated with sexual adjustment over time among women with vulvovaginal pain and point to the relevance of further examinations of the psychological inflexibility model in the context of vulvovaginal pain. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.The study explores the role of neddylation in early trophoblast development and its alteration during the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Immunofluorescence and western blot were conducted to evaluate the expression pattern of NEDD8 protein in the first trimester placentas of healthy control and RSA patients. Neddylated-cullins, especially neddylated-cullin1 were downregulated and their substrate, p21, was accumulated in RSA samples. NEDD8 cytoplasmic recruitment was observed in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) progenitors of RSA placentas. Consistent with the results of clinical samples, neddylation inhibition using MLN4924 in trophoblast cell lines caused obvious p21 accumulation and free NEDD8 cytoplasmic recruitment. Further in vitro study demonstrated neddylation inhibition attenuated proliferation of Jeg-3 cells via p21 accumulation. Moreover, when trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from first trimester placentas were cultured for differentiation analyses. MLN4924 impaired the differentiation of TS cells towards EVTs by downregulating HLA-G and GATA3. p21 knockdown could partly rescue MLN4924-supressed HLA-G and GATA3 expression. In conclusion, cullin1 neddylation-mediated p21 degradation is required for trophoblast proliferation and can affect trophoblast plasticity by affecting HLA-G and GATA3 expression. The results provide insights into the pathological mechanism of RSA and the biological regulation of trophoblast development. © The Author(s) 2020. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dtnb.html DTNB chemical structure] Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.