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Increased knowledge about the fate and behaviour of weathered oil in different sea ice conditions is essential for our ability to model oil spill trajectories in ice more precisely and for oil spill response decision making in northern and Arctic areas. As part of the 3-year project "Fate, Behaviour and Response to Oil Drifting into Scattered Ice and Ice Edge in the Marginal Ice Zone", a novel wave and current flume was built to simulate these processes in the laboratory. This paper discusses some of the findings from this project, which included Marine Gas Oil and four Norwegian crude oils. All crude oils were weathered prior to testing, simulating having drifted on the sea surface for a period (tentatively 1-3 days) before encountering ice. The build-up of oil drifting against an ice barrier and horizontal and vertical migration of oil droplets under solid ice and in frazil ice was studied.Plastic pollution is a concern in many nearshore ecosystems, and it is critical to understand how microplastics (plastics less then 5 mm in length) affect nearshore marine biota. Here, we report the presence of microplastics in the benthic, upside-down jellyfish (Cassiopea xamachana) across three estuaries in south Florida. Microplastics were recovered from Cassiopea using an acid digestion, then enumerated via microscopy, and identified using micro Fourier-transform interferometer (μFTIR) analysis. Out of 115 specimens analyzed, 77% contained microplastics. Bell diameter and number of plastics per individual varied significantly across locations with the highest plastic densities and bell diameter observed in individuals from Big Pine Key, followed by Jupiter, and Sarasota. μFTIR analysis confirmed that synthetic microfibers were the dominant microplastic measured at all three locations and may indicate Cassiopea as potential sinks of microplastic. Cassiopea may be used as bioindicators of microplastic contamination in the future, allowing for potential plastic pollution mitigation.Previous studies have identified the brain correlates of social pain processing during ostracism. However, the affective response to ostracism may vary according to individual differences in interpersonal needs and subsequent social actions. Despite this relationship, how the neural processes underlying ostracism may be modulated by interpersonal needs to regulate prosocial behaviors remains unknown. Here, in an fMRI study of 64 adults performing the Cyberball task, we quantified ball catching and tossing response time (RT) as a behavioral measure of participants' willingness to seek and reciprocate social interactions. Neural activations to social exclusion were identified and characterized in relation to individual differences in behavioral performance and perceived burdensomeness (PB), a measure of interpersonal needs. The results showed that social exclusion elicited activity in the anterior insula, middle frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, replicating previous studies on ostracism. Importantly, those with higher PB also exhibited greater brain activations to exclusion as well as reduced prosocial behaviors, as reflected by slower ball catching and tossing RT in the Cyberball task. Taken together, these findings suggest that emotional distress in ostracism may increase with PB, resulting in stronger neural responses to social pain and behavioral avoidance of social interactions.Multimodal in-patient treatment incorporating intensive cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) and medication management is a promising alternative for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients who do not respond to standard out-patient treatment. We prospectively examined the short-term outcome and predictors of outcome of intensive in-patient treatment in a largely pharmacotherapy-resistant OCD sample. Fifty eight consecutive patients, admitted for treatment of OCD were evaluated at admission, at discharge and 2 months post-discharge for psychiatric diagnosis, personality disorders, obsessive beliefs, insight into obsessions and severity of obsessive-compulsive, depressive and anxiety symptoms. All patients received comprehensive treatment consisting of a combination of pharmacotherapy and intensive CBT. The mean Y-BOCS score was 29.38(±5.72) at admission, which reduced to 16.62(±7.91) at discharge and 16.75(±8.85) at follow-up. Thirty five participants (60.3%) met the prespecified criteria for response and 19 (32.8%) for remission. [https://www.selleckchem.com/ selleck chemicals llc] There was a significant reduction in Y-BOCS scores at discharge [43.67 (23.81)%] and post-discharge follow-up [2.18 (29.32)%] as compared to baseline (p less then 0.01). Baseline Browns Assessment of Beleifs Scale score (insight) was the only variable that statistically differentiated responders and non-responders. In-patient treatment is an effective treatment for medication resistant, severe and chronic OCD. Poor insight is a potential predictor of non-response to in-patient treatment.In everyday clinical work, psychiatrists encounter patients who present with symptoms spanning several diagnostic categories, e.g., showing signs of a psychosis, depression, and anxiety. This raises the critical question of which symptoms hold precedence over other and, by extension, which diagnosis is the right diagnosis. ICD-10 and DSM-5 do not provide unambiguous answers to this question and therefore psychiatry remains exposed to diagnostic disagreement with consequences for treatment and research. We explored symptom distribution in a sample of 98 first-admission psychiatric patients. We extracted and categorized singular symptoms into symptom domains anxiety, mania, delusions, hallucinations, first-rank symptoms, and negative symptoms. Most symptoms were seen in most disorders. We found symptoms of depression and anxiety in almost all patients. Thus, just counting symptoms do not seem to be a valid way to make diagnoses. We elaborately discuss these issues in the context of the differential-diagnosis between schizophrenia and depression. Finally, we suggest that a combination of a criteria- and Gestalt-based approach to diagnosing mental disorders may contribute to counteract some of the current differential-diagnostic confusion.