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23) or between euglycaemia and hypoglycaemia (<br /><br /> =.31). No changes in hs-cTnI occurred during hypoglycaemia or in the recovery period (<br /><br /> =.86).<br /><br /> A small change in CFR was not statistically significant in this study, implying hypoglycaemia may require more than coronary vasomotor dysfunction to cause harm. Further larger studies are required to investigate this putative problem.<br /><br />A small change in CFR was not statistically significant in this study, implying hypoglycaemia may require more than coronary vasomotor dysfunction to cause harm. Further larger studies are required to investigate this putative problem.<br /><br /> To assess the effects of alcohol and illicit drug use in young adults (age 18-35) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on flash glucose monitor sensor glucose (SG) readings.<br /><br /> Twenty young adults with T1D were enrolled from a tertiary referral hospital outpatient department in Melbourne, Australia for a 6-week prospective observational study using flash glucose monitoring (FGM). Glucometrics comparing substance using days (SUEDs) to those without substance use (non-SUEDS) were analysed. The primary outcomes were the difference in mean SG values, its standard deviation and minutes/24-h period out of range (SG &lt;3.9mmol/L or &gt;10.0mmol/L) between matched SUEDs vs non-SUEDs. An interaction model with the primary effect of HbA1c on SG values was also performed.<br /><br /> There were no differences in the primary outcome measures between SUEDS and non-SUEDs. However, there were differences in the regression coefficients for HbA1c and glucometrics between non-SUEDs and SUEDs for mean SG, time out of range and time with SG&gt;10mmol/L. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay-1217389.html BAY 1217389] This difference was also identified between non-SUEDS and days of ≥40g alcohol for mean SG.<br /><br /> While there was no difference between glucometrics for SUEDs and non-SUEDs on primary outcomes, HbA1C was found to be a less reliable predictor of glucose patterns in the 24-h period following substance use than control days. Young adults with T1D need to monitor and respond to their glucose levels following substance use and engage in harm minimisation practices irrespective of baseline glucose control.<br /><br />While there was no difference between glucometrics for SUEDs and non-SUEDs on primary outcomes, HbA1C was found to be a less reliable predictor of glucose patterns in the 24-h period following substance use than control days. Young adults with T1D need to monitor and respond to their glucose levels following substance use and engage in harm minimisation practices irrespective of baseline glucose control.<br /><br /> We sought to characterize the prevalence and factors characteristic of head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) that secrete catecholamines to inform best practices for diagnosis and management.<br /><br /> This was a retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2020 at a single-institution tertiary centre. One-hundred fifty-two patients (182 tumours) with HNPGLs with at least one measurement of urine or plasma catecholamines and/or catecholamine metabolite levels prior to treatment were included. We differentiated and characterized those patients with increased level(s) of any nature and those with 'clinically significant' versus 'clinically insignificant' catecholamine production.<br /><br /> Thirty-one (20.4%) patients had increased catecholamine and/or catecholamine metabolite levels. In most patients, these levels were ≤5-fold above the upper limit of the reference range. Four of these 31 patients with increased levels were ultimately found to have an additional catecholamine secreting mediastinal paraganglioma or pheochromocytomy secrete catecholamines, although not all increased laboratory level(s) are indicative of clinically significant catecholamine secretion causing symptoms or warranting adrenergic blockade.<br /><br /> Late-night salivary cortisol (LSaC) and 24-h urinary free cortisol measurement, and overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test (1mg-DST) are the first-line screening tests recommended for Cushing's syndrome. Through elevations in the level of cortisol-binding globulin, oral contraceptive agents lead to increases in the total plasma cortisol concentration, yielding false-positive 1mg-DST results.<br /><br /> To compare the accuracy of the overnight 1-mg DST and two-day low-dose DST (2d-DST) in female volunteers taking combined oestrogen-progestin oral contraceptives (COCs).<br /><br /> This prospective study enrolled 30 healthy participants. Their plasma cortisol response levels were compared after the 1-mg DST and 2d-DST and classified into three categories normal (≤50nmol/L), doubtful (51-138nmol/L) and abnormal (&gt;138nmol/L). Salivary cortisol was also measured at late night and after the DSTs.<br /><br /> Following the 1-mg DST and 2d-DST, the plasma cortisol concentrations decreased to a median of 69nmol/L and 37nmol/L, respectively (<br /><br /> &lt;0.001). A statistically significant higher proportion of unclear or abnormal results were observed after the 1-mg DST (63%) than after the 2d-DST (27%) (<br /><br /> =0.004). None of the values were &gt;138nmol/L after the 2d-DST, while 11% of them were abnormal after the 1-mg DST (<br /><br /> =0.25). No LSaC value was abnormal.<br /><br /> Our results suggest that, when late-night salivary cortisol is not available, the 2d-DST could be a better screening option than the 1-mg DST for women taking oral contraceptive agents who are reluctant to stop them. This finding requires confirmation in those with a suspicion of hypercortisolism.<br /><br />Our results suggest that, when late-night salivary cortisol is not available, the 2d-DST could be a better screening option than the 1-mg DST for women taking oral contraceptive agents who are reluctant to stop them. This finding requires confirmation in those with a suspicion of hypercortisolism.<br /><br /> Few studies have evaluated glycaemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in individuals before and after attendance at a diabetes camp or by comparing control groups at home to control groups at camp.<br /><br /> Youth (6-17years) with T1D and receiving insulin therapy were enrolled at a week-long diabetes camp. They participated in three clinic visits at the start of a week at home, by initiating a Dexcom G6 CGM system; at the start of a week at camp, where the home week G6 was removed and a camp week G6 was inserted; and after camp, where the camp week G6 was removed. We administered Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) surveys at the second and third visits. Participants with &lt;80% CGM data coverage or who did not complete all PAID surveys were excluded from analysis. We compared glycaemic control and PAID scores between the week at home and week at camp.<br /><br /> Of 76 enrolled campers, 69 completed the study and 52 had results that qualified for analysis. The mean participant age was 12.5±2.2years. Camp was associated with significantly improved treatment satisfaction, time in desired glucose range and insulin sensitivity.