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Finally, insight is provided into the issue of data fabrication and falsification, offering possible solutions to ensure the integrity of RCTs. The challenges and benefits of these crucial evidence-generating tools deserve our attention and education because the findings of RCTs and meta-analyses can directly affect the health of our patients, and when performance and integrity problems exist, the "magic" of these tools disappears-with harmful consequences.This post hoc study of a plasma proteomic database investigated hemostatic proteins in the context of developmental hemostasis. Twenty-seven hemostatic proteins changed expression with age, and the hemostatic profile of neonates was unique. Appreciating developmental hemostasis through proteomics may lead to more personalized medicine for hospitalized children.Lysosomes play important roles in cellular degradation to maintain cell homeostasis. In order to understand whether and how lysosomes alter with age and contribute to lifespan regulation, we characterized multiple properties of lysosomes during the aging process in C. elegans. We uncovered age-dependent alterations in lysosomal morphology, motility, acidity and degradation activity, all of which indicate a decline in lysosome function with age. The age-associated lysosomal changes are suppressed in the long-lived mutants daf-2, eat-2 and isp-1, which extend lifespan by inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signaling, reducing food intake and impairing mitochondrial function, respectively. We found that 43 lysosome genes exhibit reduced expression with age, including genes encoding subunits of the proton pump V-ATPase and cathepsin proteases. The expression of lysosome genes is upregulated in the long-lived mutants, and this upregulation requires the functions of DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 transcription factors. Impairing lysosome function affects clearance of aggregate-prone proteins and disrupts lifespan extension in daf-2, eat-2 and isp-1 worms. Our data indicate that lysosome function is modulated by multiple longevity pathways and is important for lifespan extension.Membrane filtration applications are omnipresent in production processes of the food and beverage industry, in pharmaceutical production and the petrochemical industry but also in water purification for drinking water production and wastewater treatment. The main separation principle in membrane filtration is based on size exclusion which is dependent on the pore size of the membrane. Current developments based on chemical modification of these membranes have the goal to confer an additional chemical selectivity to membranes in order to broaden their areas of application. Here we present two examples of chemical membrane modifications pursued at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW) which are based on a) polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM or LbL) coatings and b) coating with stimulus responsive polymer brushes. Applications of such modified filtration membranes are e.g. selectively gated filtration and phosphorous P-recovery from acidic disintegrated sewage sludge.Many plants that are classed as poisonous also have therapeutic uses, and this is illustrated using members of the Drimia and Digitalis genera which are sources of cardiac glycosides.Enzymes have the potential to catalyse complex chemical reactions with unprecedented selectivity, under mild conditions in aqueous media. Accordingly, there is serious interest from the pharmaceutical industry to utilize enzymes as biocatalysts to produce medicines in an environmentally sustainable and economic manner. Prominent advances in the field of biotechnology have transformed this potential into a reality. Using modern protein engineering techniques, in a matter of months it is possible to evolve an enzyme, which fits the demands of a chemical process, or even to catalyse entirely novel chemistry. Consequently, biocatalysis is routinely applied throughout the pharmaceutical industry for a variety of applications, ranging from the manufacture of large volumes of high value blockbuster drugs to expanding the chemical space available for drug discovery.Despite the availability of a variety of ' -omics ' technologies to support the system-wide analysis of industrially relevant microorganisms, the manipulation of strains towards an economically relevant goal remains a challenge. Remarkably, our ability to catalogue the participants in and model ever more comprehensive aspects of a microorganism's physiology is now complemented by technologies that permanently expand the scope of engineering interventions that can be imagined. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ve-821.html click here] In fact, genome-wide editing and re-synthesis of microbial and even eukaryotic chromosomes have become widely applied methods. At the heart of this emerging system-wide engineering approach, often labelled ' Synthetic Biology ' , is the continuous improvement of large-scale DNA synthesis, which is put to two-fold use (i) starting ever more ambitious efforts to re-write existing and coding novel molecular systems, and (ii) designing and constructing increasingly sophisticated library technologies, which has led to a renaissance of directed evolution in strain engineering. Here, we briefly review some of the critical concepts and technological stepping-stones of Synthetic Biology on its way to becoming a mature industrial technology.The Swiss Priority Program in Biotechnology of the Swiss National Science Foundation that lasted between 1992 and 2001 had a boosting effect on many biotech disciplines and on the developments of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in Switzerland in particular. The funding organization led by Prof. Oreste Ghisalba enabled a better understanding of the PHA biosynthesis and the development, as well as the implementation of novel bioprocesses (e.g. two-phase fermentations, multiple nutrient limited growth conditions, multi-stage chemostats, and product formation in different host organisms). However, production of PHA in Switzerland appeared to be impossible for cost reasons due to the strong competition from cheaper, petrol-based plastics. The recent reports on environmental issues with non-degradable plastics has triggered a general change in the perception of biodegradable plastics, giving them an added value and thus justifying a higher price. Ongoing research focuses on the sustainable production of PHAs using carbon waste streams, synthesis gas or even CO₂.