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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is difficult to estimate the depth of the focal source by activation mapping. The present study was performed to demonstrate the usefulness of a simple maneuver in estimating the depth of the focal activation source (S). METHODS A total of 44 sites (15 shallow, depth5.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS Ttachy was shorter and δ was smaller for a deep S than for a shallow S. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whether beta blockers favorably impact the clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains in debate. We investigated the impact of beta blocker on major clinical outcomes during 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with AMI. METHODS All patients with the first AMI treated with PCI for the period of 2005 to 2014 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database were enrolled. We defined the regular user as medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥80% and non-user as MPR=0%. We compared the occurrence of all cause death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke according to adherence of beta-blockers. A 11 propensity score-matching was conducted to adjust for between-group differences. RESULTS We identified a total 81,752 patients with met eligible criteria. At discharge, 63,885 (78%) patients were prescribed beta blockers. For 2 years follow up period, regular users were 53,991 (66%) patients, non-users were 10,991 (13%). In the propensity score matched population, regular use of beta blocker was associated with a 36% reduced risk of composite adverse events (all death, MI or stroke) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.636; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.555-0.728; p less then 0.001). Compared to no use of beta blocker, regular use significantly reduced all death (HR, 0.736; 95% CI, 0.668-0.812; p less then 0.001), MI (HR, 0.729; 95% CI, 0.611-0.803; p less then 0.001) and stroke (HR, 0.717; 95% CI, 0.650-0.791; p less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prescription of beta blocker in patients with AMI after PCI was sequentially increased. Continuous regular use of beta blocker for 2 years after AMI reduced major adverse events compared to no use of beta blocker. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is insufficient evidence regarding the optimal treatment for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. METHODS Bayesian cross-design and network meta-analyses were performed to compare the safety and efficacy among carotid artery stenting (CAS), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and medical treatment (MT). We identified 18 studies (4 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 14 nonrandomized, comparative studies [NRCSs]) comparing CAS with CEA, and 4 RCTs comparing CEA with MT from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. RESULTS The risk for periprocedural stroke tended to increase in CAS, compared to CEA (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.62-4.54). However, estimates for periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) were quite heterogeneous in RCTs and NRCSs. Despite a trend of decreased risk with CAS in RCTs (OR, 0.70; 95% CrI, 0.27-1.24), the risk was similar in NRCSs (OR, 1.02; 95% CrI, 0.87-1.18). In indirect comparisons of MT and CAS, MT showed a tendency to have a higher risk for the composite of periprocedural death, stroke, MI, or nonperiprocedural ipsilateral stroke (OR, 1.30; 95% CrI, 0.74-2.73). Analyses of study characteristics showed that CEA-versus-MT studies took place about 10-year earlier than CEA-versus-CAS studies. CONCLUSIONS A similar risk for periprocedural MI between CEA and CAS in NRCSs suggested that concerns about periprocedural MI accompanied by CEA might not matter in real-world practice when preoperative evaluation and management are working. Maybe the benefits of CAS over MT have been overestimated considering advances in medical therapy within10-year gap between CEA-versus-MT and CEA-versus-CAS studies. Zinc is an important element for bone structure and metabolism. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/crt-0105446.html CRT-0105446 cost] Its interaction with hydroxyapatite has been investigated for the improvement of bone repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biological response to nanostructured calcium alginate-hydroxyapatite (HA) and zinc-containing HA (ZnHA). Cytocompatibility was evaluated by applying PrestoBlue reagent after exposing murine pre-osteoblast cells to extracts of each biomaterial microspheres. After physical and chemical characterization, the biomaterial microspheres were implanted in a critical size calvaria defect (8 mm) in Wistar rats (n = 30) that were randomly divided into the HA and ZnHA groups. Tissue samples were evaluated through histological and histomorphometric analyses after 1, 3, and 6 months (n = 5). The results showed cellular viability for both groups compared to the negative control, and no differences in metabolic activity were observed. The HA group presented a significant reduction of biomaterial compared with the ZnHA group in all experimental periods; however, a considerable amount of new bone formation was observed surrounding the ZnHA spheres at the 6-month time point compared with the HA group (p  less then  .05). Both biomaterials were biocompatible, and the combination of zinc with hydroxyapatite was shown to improve bone repair. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.FOCUSED CLINICAL QUESTION What are the key considerations for the Interdisciplinary Dentofacial Therapy (IDT) team in the diagnostic process to evaluate a patient for Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT)? SUMMARY Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT) creates a demineralized bone matrix and augments dentoalveolar deficiencies in the management of dentofacial disharmony malocclusion. Numerous indications and contraindications exist which are essential to the periodontal surgeon for proper case selection. A collaboratively focused workup by an IDT team is equally essential. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and orthodontic simulation software which identifies changes in the dentoalveolar complex influenced by tooth movement are critical in providing transparency to the patient and IDT team during the treatment planning process. Such transparency can aid the team in assessing goals and outcomes that consider and respect foundational dentoalveolar parameters while contributing to sustainable outcomes.